Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.

FMRI-studies are mostly based on a group study approach, either analyzing one group or comparing multiple groups, or on approaches that correlate brain activation with clinically relevant criteria or behavioral measures. In this study we investigate the potential of fMRI-techniques focusing on indiv...

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Autores principales:	Philipp Johannes Dinkel, Klaus Willmes, Helga Krinzinger, Kerstin Konrad, Jan Willem Koten
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/efc9c458ccb94fc0988bbaa34fb4510f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:efc9c458ccb94fc0988bbaa34fb4510f2021-11-18T08:42:47ZDiagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0083722https://doaj.org/article/efc9c458ccb94fc0988bbaa34fb4510f2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24349547/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203FMRI-studies are mostly based on a group study approach, either analyzing one group or comparing multiple groups, or on approaches that correlate brain activation with clinically relevant criteria or behavioral measures. In this study we investigate the potential of fMRI-techniques focusing on individual differences in brain activation within a test-retest reliability context. We employ a single-case analysis approach, which contrasts dyscalculic children with a control group of typically developing children. In a second step, a support-vector machine analysis and cluster analysis techniques served to investigate similarities in multivariate brain activation patterns. Children were confronted with a non-symbolic number comparison and a non-symbolic exact calculation task during fMRI acquisition. Conventional second level group comparison analysis only showed small differences around the angular gyrus bilaterally and the left parieto-occipital sulcus. Analyses based on single-case statistical procedures revealed that developmental dyscalculia is characterized by individual differences predominantly in visual processing areas. Dyscalculic children seemed to compensate for relative under-activation in the primary visual cortex through an upregulation in higher visual areas. However, overlap in deviant activation was low for the dyscalculic children, indicating that developmental dyscalculia is a disorder characterized by heterogeneous brain activation differences. Using support vector machine analysis and cluster analysis, we tried to group dyscalculic and typically developing children according to brain activation. Fronto-parietal systems seem to qualify for a distinction between the two groups. However, this was only effective when reliable brain activations of both tasks were employed simultaneously. Results suggest that deficits in number representation in the visual-parietal cortex get compensated for through finger related aspects of number representation in fronto-parietal cortex. We conclude that dyscalculic children show large individual differences in brain activation patterns. Nonetheless, the majority of dyscalculic children can be differentiated from controls employing brain activation patterns when appropriate methods are used.Philipp Johannes DinkelKlaus WillmesHelga KrinzingerKerstin KonradJan Willem KotenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e83722 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Philipp Johannes Dinkel Klaus Willmes Helga Krinzinger Kerstin Konrad Jan Willem Koten Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.
description	FMRI-studies are mostly based on a group study approach, either analyzing one group or comparing multiple groups, or on approaches that correlate brain activation with clinically relevant criteria or behavioral measures. In this study we investigate the potential of fMRI-techniques focusing on individual differences in brain activation within a test-retest reliability context. We employ a single-case analysis approach, which contrasts dyscalculic children with a control group of typically developing children. In a second step, a support-vector machine analysis and cluster analysis techniques served to investigate similarities in multivariate brain activation patterns. Children were confronted with a non-symbolic number comparison and a non-symbolic exact calculation task during fMRI acquisition. Conventional second level group comparison analysis only showed small differences around the angular gyrus bilaterally and the left parieto-occipital sulcus. Analyses based on single-case statistical procedures revealed that developmental dyscalculia is characterized by individual differences predominantly in visual processing areas. Dyscalculic children seemed to compensate for relative under-activation in the primary visual cortex through an upregulation in higher visual areas. However, overlap in deviant activation was low for the dyscalculic children, indicating that developmental dyscalculia is a disorder characterized by heterogeneous brain activation differences. Using support vector machine analysis and cluster analysis, we tried to group dyscalculic and typically developing children according to brain activation. Fronto-parietal systems seem to qualify for a distinction between the two groups. However, this was only effective when reliable brain activations of both tasks were employed simultaneously. Results suggest that deficits in number representation in the visual-parietal cortex get compensated for through finger related aspects of number representation in fronto-parietal cortex. We conclude that dyscalculic children show large individual differences in brain activation patterns. Nonetheless, the majority of dyscalculic children can be differentiated from controls employing brain activation patterns when appropriate methods are used.
format	article
author	Philipp Johannes Dinkel Klaus Willmes Helga Krinzinger Kerstin Konrad Jan Willem Koten
author_facet	Philipp Johannes Dinkel Klaus Willmes Helga Krinzinger Kerstin Konrad Jan Willem Koten
author_sort	Philipp Johannes Dinkel
title	Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.
title_short	Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.
title_full	Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.
title_fullStr	Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.
title_full_unstemmed	Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.
title_sort	diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case fmri methods: promises and limitations.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/efc9c458ccb94fc0988bbaa34fb4510f
work_keys_str_mv	AT philippjohannesdinkel diagnosingdevelopmentaldyscalculiaonthebasisofreliablesinglecasefmrimethodspromisesandlimitations AT klauswillmes diagnosingdevelopmentaldyscalculiaonthebasisofreliablesinglecasefmrimethodspromisesandlimitations AT helgakrinzinger diagnosingdevelopmentaldyscalculiaonthebasisofreliablesinglecasefmrimethodspromisesandlimitations AT kerstinkonrad diagnosingdevelopmentaldyscalculiaonthebasisofreliablesinglecasefmrimethodspromisesandlimitations AT janwillemkoten diagnosingdevelopmentaldyscalculiaonthebasisofreliablesinglecasefmrimethodspromisesandlimitations
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Diagnosing developmental dyscalculia on the basis of reliable single case FMRI methods: promises and limitations.

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