Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland

Civilization development has contributed to environmental pollution. In recent years, the number of vehicles has increased significantly; according to the Central Statistical Office, the number of passenger cars in Poland in 2000 was nearly 10 million, while in 2020 it was slightly more than 25 mill...

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Autores principales:	Mirosław Skorbiłowicz, Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz, Weronika Rogowska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	soil pollution motor transportation elemental concentration urban areas rural areas agricultural areas Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f007745c01184a41a3a1658eaa61fa8c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f007745c01184a41a3a1658eaa61fa8c2021-11-25T18:26:53ZHeavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland10.3390/min111112902075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/f007745c01184a41a3a1658eaa61fa8c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1290https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XCivilization development has contributed to environmental pollution. In recent years, the number of vehicles has increased significantly; according to the Central Statistical Office, the number of passenger cars in Poland in 2000 was nearly 10 million, while in 2020 it was slightly more than 25 million. The study aimed to determine the content and spatial distribution of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu) in the roadside topsoil along the trunk road Białystok–Budzisko on different types of land use (urban, rural, agricultural and forestal areas). Forty-five soil samples were collected from a 160 km road section, at intervals of approximately 4 km. Metal contents were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of metals in roadside soils occurred in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd. The average contents of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb were higher than the geochemical background values of the Polish soils. Moreover, the values of the I<sub>geo</sub> showed for Cd moderate to strong, while for Zn, Cu and Pb, moderate soil contamination. The study indicates that significant metal-binding factors in the studied roadside soils are Fe and Mn oxides. The crucial source of metals is road transport, depending on its intensity, which means amount, type, and speed of vehicles. Moreover, based on the analysis of the course of the factor values and their dynamics, it was observed that the areas where typical activities connected with the population take place (urban and agricultural areas) are additional sources of heavy metals. The results of this paper are relevant to the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in roadside soils. The study can contribute to reducing the concentration of toxic elements in ecosystems due to vehicle emissions with appropriate land-use policies.Mirosław SkorbiłowiczElżbieta SkorbiłowiczWeronika RogowskaMDPI AGarticlesoil pollutionmotor transportationelemental concentrationurban areasrural areasagricultural areasMineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1290, p 1290 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	soil pollution motor transportation elemental concentration urban areas rural areas agricultural areas Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	soil pollution motor transportation elemental concentration urban areas rural areas agricultural areas Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Mirosław Skorbiłowicz Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz Weronika Rogowska Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland
description	Civilization development has contributed to environmental pollution. In recent years, the number of vehicles has increased significantly; according to the Central Statistical Office, the number of passenger cars in Poland in 2000 was nearly 10 million, while in 2020 it was slightly more than 25 million. The study aimed to determine the content and spatial distribution of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu) in the roadside topsoil along the trunk road Białystok–Budzisko on different types of land use (urban, rural, agricultural and forestal areas). Forty-five soil samples were collected from a 160 km road section, at intervals of approximately 4 km. Metal contents were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of metals in roadside soils occurred in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd. The average contents of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb were higher than the geochemical background values of the Polish soils. Moreover, the values of the I<sub>geo</sub> showed for Cd moderate to strong, while for Zn, Cu and Pb, moderate soil contamination. The study indicates that significant metal-binding factors in the studied roadside soils are Fe and Mn oxides. The crucial source of metals is road transport, depending on its intensity, which means amount, type, and speed of vehicles. Moreover, based on the analysis of the course of the factor values and their dynamics, it was observed that the areas where typical activities connected with the population take place (urban and agricultural areas) are additional sources of heavy metals. The results of this paper are relevant to the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in roadside soils. The study can contribute to reducing the concentration of toxic elements in ecosystems due to vehicle emissions with appropriate land-use policies.
format	article
author	Mirosław Skorbiłowicz Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz Weronika Rogowska
author_facet	Mirosław Skorbiłowicz Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz Weronika Rogowska
author_sort	Mirosław Skorbiłowicz
title	Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland
title_short	Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland
title_full	Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland
title_fullStr	Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland
title_full_unstemmed	Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland
title_sort	heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils on the białystok-budzisko route in northeastern poland
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f007745c01184a41a3a1658eaa61fa8c
work_keys_str_mv	AT mirosławskorbiłowicz heavymetalconcentrationsinroadsidesoilsonthebiałystokbudziskorouteinnortheasternpoland AT elzbietaskorbiłowicz heavymetalconcentrationsinroadsidesoilsonthebiałystokbudziskorouteinnortheasternpoland AT weronikarogowska heavymetalconcentrationsinroadsidesoilsonthebiałystokbudziskorouteinnortheasternpoland
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Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils on the Białystok-Budzisko Route in Northeastern Poland

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