$The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany$
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The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany

Sandra Jobke1, Erich Kasten2, Christian Vorwerk31Institute of Medical Psychology, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; 2Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, GermanyPurpose: The prevalence rates of my...

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Autores principales:	Sandra Jobke, Erich Kasten, Christian Vorwerk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2008
Materias:	Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0400dae2fee4839a91d9aafb6a3af7c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0400dae2fee4839a91d9aafb6a3af7c2021-12-02T05:30:52ZThe prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany1177-54671177-5483https://doaj.org/article/f0400dae2fee4839a91d9aafb6a3af7c2008-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/the-prevalence-rates-of-refractive-errors-among-children-adolescents-a-a2367https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5467https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Sandra Jobke1, Erich Kasten2, Christian Vorwerk31Institute of Medical Psychology, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; 2Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, GermanyPurpose: The prevalence rates of myopia vary between 5% in Australian Aborigines to 84% in Hong Kong and Taiwan, 30% in Norwegian adults, and 49.5% in Swedish schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in German children, adolescents, and adults.Methods: The parents (aged 24&ndash;65 years) and their children (516 subjects aged 2&ndash;35 years) were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their refractive error and spectacle use. Emmetropia was defined as refractive status between +0.25D and &ndash;0.25D. Myopia was characterized as &le;&minus;0.5D and hyperopia as &ge;+0.5D. All information concerning refractive error were controlled by asking their opticians.Results: The prevalence rates of myopia differed significantly between all investigated age groups: it was 0% in children aged 2&ndash;6 years, 5.5% in children aged 7&ndash;11 years, 21.0% in adolescents (aged 12&ndash;17 years) and 41.3% in adults aged 18&ndash;35 years (Pearson&rsquo;s Chi-square, p = 0.000). Furthermore, 9.8% of children aged 2&ndash;6 years were hyperopic, 6.4% of children aged 7&ndash;11 years, 3.7% of adolescents, and 2.9% of adults (p = 0.380). The prevalence of myopia in females (23.6%) was significantly higher than in males (14.6%, p = 0.018). The difference between the self-reported and the refractive error reported by their opticians was very small and was not significant (p = 0.850).Conclusion: In Germany, the prevalence of myopia seems to be somewhat lower than in Asia and Europe. There are few comparable studies concerning the prevalence rates of hyperopia.Keywords: Germany, hyperopia, incidence, myopia, prevalence Sandra JobkeErich KastenChristian VorwerkDove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2008, Iss Issue 3, Pp 601-607 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Ophthalmology RE1-994 Sandra Jobke Erich Kasten Christian Vorwerk The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany
description	Sandra Jobke1, Erich Kasten2, Christian Vorwerk31Institute of Medical Psychology, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; 2Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, GermanyPurpose: The prevalence rates of myopia vary between 5% in Australian Aborigines to 84% in Hong Kong and Taiwan, 30% in Norwegian adults, and 49.5% in Swedish schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in German children, adolescents, and adults.Methods: The parents (aged 24&ndash;65 years) and their children (516 subjects aged 2&ndash;35 years) were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their refractive error and spectacle use. Emmetropia was defined as refractive status between +0.25D and &ndash;0.25D. Myopia was characterized as &le;&minus;0.5D and hyperopia as &ge;+0.5D. All information concerning refractive error were controlled by asking their opticians.Results: The prevalence rates of myopia differed significantly between all investigated age groups: it was 0% in children aged 2&ndash;6 years, 5.5% in children aged 7&ndash;11 years, 21.0% in adolescents (aged 12&ndash;17 years) and 41.3% in adults aged 18&ndash;35 years (Pearson&rsquo;s Chi-square, p = 0.000). Furthermore, 9.8% of children aged 2&ndash;6 years were hyperopic, 6.4% of children aged 7&ndash;11 years, 3.7% of adolescents, and 2.9% of adults (p = 0.380). The prevalence of myopia in females (23.6%) was significantly higher than in males (14.6%, p = 0.018). The difference between the self-reported and the refractive error reported by their opticians was very small and was not significant (p = 0.850).Conclusion: In Germany, the prevalence of myopia seems to be somewhat lower than in Asia and Europe. There are few comparable studies concerning the prevalence rates of hyperopia.Keywords: Germany, hyperopia, incidence, myopia, prevalence
format	article
author	Sandra Jobke Erich Kasten Christian Vorwerk
author_facet	Sandra Jobke Erich Kasten Christian Vorwerk
author_sort	Sandra Jobke
title	The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany
title_short	The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany
title_full	The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany
title_fullStr	The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany
title_full_unstemmed	The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany
title_sort	prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in germany
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0400dae2fee4839a91d9aafb6a3af7c
work_keys_str_mv	AT sandrajobke theprevalenceratesofrefractiveerrorsamongchildrenadolescentsandadultsingermany AT erichkasten theprevalenceratesofrefractiveerrorsamongchildrenadolescentsandadultsingermany AT christianvorwerk theprevalenceratesofrefractiveerrorsamongchildrenadolescentsandadultsingermany AT sandrajobke prevalenceratesofrefractiveerrorsamongchildrenadolescentsandadultsingermany AT erichkasten prevalenceratesofrefractiveerrorsamongchildrenadolescentsandadultsingermany AT christianvorwerk prevalenceratesofrefractiveerrorsamongchildrenadolescentsandadultsingermany
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The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany

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