Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.

Arachidonic acid (AA) is known to be increased in HIV infected patients and illicit drug users are linked with severity of viral replication, disease progression, and impaired immune functions. Studies have shown that cocaine accelerates HIV infection and disease progression mediated by immune cells...

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Autores principales:	Thangavel Samikkannu, Kurapati V K Rao, Hong Ding, Marisela Agudelo, Andrea D Raymond, Changwon Yoo, Madhavan P N Nair
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0430a696e164168ae8f33616c6f871e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0430a696e164168ae8f33616c6f871e2021-11-25T06:02:43ZImmunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0106348https://doaj.org/article/f0430a696e164168ae8f33616c6f871e2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25171226/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Arachidonic acid (AA) is known to be increased in HIV infected patients and illicit drug users are linked with severity of viral replication, disease progression, and impaired immune functions. Studies have shown that cocaine accelerates HIV infection and disease progression mediated by immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) are the first line of antigen presentation and defense against immune dysfunction. However, the role of cocaine use in HIV associated acceleration of AA secretion and its metabolites on immature dendritic cells (IDC) has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of AA metabolites cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthetase (PGE2), thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPG), such as 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), 14-3-3 ζ/δ and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated induction of IDC immune dysfunctions in cocaine using HIV positive patients. The plasma levels of AA, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, 14-3-3 ζ/δ and IDC intracellular COX-2 and 5-LOX expression were assessed in cocaine users, HIV positive patients, HIV positive cocaine users and normal subjects. Results showed that plasma concentration levels of AA, PGE2 and COX-2, TBXA2R and 5-LOX in IDCs of HIV positive cocaine users were significantly higher whereas 15d-PGJ2 and 14-3-3 ζ/δ were significantly reduced compared to either HIV positive subjects or cocaine users alone. This report demonstrates that AA metabolites are capable of mediating the accelerative effects of cocaine on HIV infection and disease progression.Thangavel SamikkannuKurapati V K RaoHong DingMarisela AgudeloAndrea D RaymondChangwon YooMadhavan P N NairPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e106348 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Thangavel Samikkannu Kurapati V K Rao Hong Ding Marisela Agudelo Andrea D Raymond Changwon Yoo Madhavan P N Nair Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
description	Arachidonic acid (AA) is known to be increased in HIV infected patients and illicit drug users are linked with severity of viral replication, disease progression, and impaired immune functions. Studies have shown that cocaine accelerates HIV infection and disease progression mediated by immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) are the first line of antigen presentation and defense against immune dysfunction. However, the role of cocaine use in HIV associated acceleration of AA secretion and its metabolites on immature dendritic cells (IDC) has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of AA metabolites cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthetase (PGE2), thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPG), such as 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), 14-3-3 ζ/δ and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated induction of IDC immune dysfunctions in cocaine using HIV positive patients. The plasma levels of AA, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, 14-3-3 ζ/δ and IDC intracellular COX-2 and 5-LOX expression were assessed in cocaine users, HIV positive patients, HIV positive cocaine users and normal subjects. Results showed that plasma concentration levels of AA, PGE2 and COX-2, TBXA2R and 5-LOX in IDCs of HIV positive cocaine users were significantly higher whereas 15d-PGJ2 and 14-3-3 ζ/δ were significantly reduced compared to either HIV positive subjects or cocaine users alone. This report demonstrates that AA metabolites are capable of mediating the accelerative effects of cocaine on HIV infection and disease progression.
format	article
author	Thangavel Samikkannu Kurapati V K Rao Hong Ding Marisela Agudelo Andrea D Raymond Changwon Yoo Madhavan P N Nair
author_facet	Thangavel Samikkannu Kurapati V K Rao Hong Ding Marisela Agudelo Andrea D Raymond Changwon Yoo Madhavan P N Nair
author_sort	Thangavel Samikkannu
title	Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
title_short	Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
title_full	Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
title_fullStr	Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
title_full_unstemmed	Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
title_sort	immunopathogenesis of hiv infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0430a696e164168ae8f33616c6f871e
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Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.

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