Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.

The human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Through ex vivo measurements from healthy human donors, we show that individual...

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Autores principales:	Thomas Gurry, Le Thanh Tu Nguyen, Xiaoqian Yu, Eric J Alm
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0538f0338a44c5c894073cda8a3b7dd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0538f0338a44c5c894073cda8a3b7dd2021-12-02T20:06:45ZFunctional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254004https://doaj.org/article/f0538f0338a44c5c894073cda8a3b7dd2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254004https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Through ex vivo measurements from healthy human donors, we show that individuals vary markedly in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (MMPs), mirroring differences in their microbiota composition, and resulting in the production of different quantities and proportions of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) from the same inputs. We also show that aspects of these MMPs can be predicted from composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. From experiments performed using the same dietary fibers in vivo, we demonstrate that an ingested bolus of fiber is almost entirely consumed by the microbiota upon passage. We leverage our ex vivo data to construct a model of SCFA production and absorption in vivo, and argue that inter-individual differences in quantities of absorbed SCFA are directly related to differences in production. Though in vivo studies are required to confirm these data in the context of the gut, in addition to in vivo read outs of SCFAs produced in response to specific fiber spike-ins, these data suggest that optimizing SCFA production in a given individual through targeted fiber supplementation requires quantitative understanding of their MMP.Thomas GurryLe Thanh Tu NguyenXiaoqian YuEric J AlmPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254004 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Thomas Gurry Le Thanh Tu Nguyen Xiaoqian Yu Eric J Alm Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.
description	The human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Through ex vivo measurements from healthy human donors, we show that individuals vary markedly in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (MMPs), mirroring differences in their microbiota composition, and resulting in the production of different quantities and proportions of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) from the same inputs. We also show that aspects of these MMPs can be predicted from composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. From experiments performed using the same dietary fibers in vivo, we demonstrate that an ingested bolus of fiber is almost entirely consumed by the microbiota upon passage. We leverage our ex vivo data to construct a model of SCFA production and absorption in vivo, and argue that inter-individual differences in quantities of absorbed SCFA are directly related to differences in production. Though in vivo studies are required to confirm these data in the context of the gut, in addition to in vivo read outs of SCFAs produced in response to specific fiber spike-ins, these data suggest that optimizing SCFA production in a given individual through targeted fiber supplementation requires quantitative understanding of their MMP.
format	article
author	Thomas Gurry Le Thanh Tu Nguyen Xiaoqian Yu Eric J Alm
author_facet	Thomas Gurry Le Thanh Tu Nguyen Xiaoqian Yu Eric J Alm
author_sort	Thomas Gurry
title	Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.
title_short	Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.
title_full	Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.
title_fullStr	Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.
title_full_unstemmed	Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.
title_sort	functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0538f0338a44c5c894073cda8a3b7dd
work_keys_str_mv	AT thomasgurry functionalheterogeneityinthefermentationcapabilitiesofthehealthyhumangutmicrobiota AT lethanhtunguyen functionalheterogeneityinthefermentationcapabilitiesofthehealthyhumangutmicrobiota AT xiaoqianyu functionalheterogeneityinthefermentationcapabilitiesofthehealthyhumangutmicrobiota AT ericjalm functionalheterogeneityinthefermentationcapabilitiesofthehealthyhumangutmicrobiota
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Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota.

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