Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

Abstract Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transi...

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Autores principales:	Melandri Vlok, Hallie R. Buckley, Justyna J. Miszkiewicz, Meg M. Walker, Kate Domett, Anna Willis, Hiep H. Trinh, Tran T. Minh, Mai Huong T. Nguyen, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Hirofumi Matsumura, Tianyi Wang, Huu T. Nghia, Marc F. Oxenham
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0592d6b24c8482383869e56a2ee7aa8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0592d6b24c8482383869e56a2ee7aa82021-12-02T13:34:57ZForager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia10.1038/s41598-021-83978-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f0592d6b24c8482383869e56a2ee7aa82021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83978-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transition to agriculture in the Holocene has been suggested to have influenced the selection for thalassemia in the Mediterranean as land clearance for farming encouraged interaction between Anopheles mosquitos, the vectors for malaria, and human groups. Here we document macroscopic and microscopic skeletal evidence for the presence of thalassemia in both hunter-gatherer (Con Co Ngua) and early agricultural (Man Bac) populations in northern Vietnam. Firstly, our findings demonstrate that thalassemia emerged prior to the transition to agriculture in Mainland Southeast Asia, from at least the early seventh millennium BP, contradicting a long-held assumption that agriculture was the main driver for an increase in malaria in Southeast Asia. Secondly, we describe evidence for significant malarial burden in the region during early agriculture. We argue that the introduction of farming into the region was not the initial driver of the selection for thalassemia, as it may have been in other regions of the world.Melandri VlokHallie R. BuckleyJustyna J. MiszkiewiczMeg M. WalkerKate DomettAnna WillisHiep H. TrinhTran T. MinhMai Huong T. NguyenLan Cuong NguyenHirofumi MatsumuraTianyi WangHuu T. NghiaMarc F. OxenhamNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Melandri Vlok Hallie R. Buckley Justyna J. Miszkiewicz Meg M. Walker Kate Domett Anna Willis Hiep H. Trinh Tran T. Minh Mai Huong T. Nguyen Lan Cuong Nguyen Hirofumi Matsumura Tianyi Wang Huu T. Nghia Marc F. Oxenham Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia
description	Abstract Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transition to agriculture in the Holocene has been suggested to have influenced the selection for thalassemia in the Mediterranean as land clearance for farming encouraged interaction between Anopheles mosquitos, the vectors for malaria, and human groups. Here we document macroscopic and microscopic skeletal evidence for the presence of thalassemia in both hunter-gatherer (Con Co Ngua) and early agricultural (Man Bac) populations in northern Vietnam. Firstly, our findings demonstrate that thalassemia emerged prior to the transition to agriculture in Mainland Southeast Asia, from at least the early seventh millennium BP, contradicting a long-held assumption that agriculture was the main driver for an increase in malaria in Southeast Asia. Secondly, we describe evidence for significant malarial burden in the region during early agriculture. We argue that the introduction of farming into the region was not the initial driver of the selection for thalassemia, as it may have been in other regions of the world.
format	article
author	Melandri Vlok Hallie R. Buckley Justyna J. Miszkiewicz Meg M. Walker Kate Domett Anna Willis Hiep H. Trinh Tran T. Minh Mai Huong T. Nguyen Lan Cuong Nguyen Hirofumi Matsumura Tianyi Wang Huu T. Nghia Marc F. Oxenham
author_facet	Melandri Vlok Hallie R. Buckley Justyna J. Miszkiewicz Meg M. Walker Kate Domett Anna Willis Hiep H. Trinh Tran T. Minh Mai Huong T. Nguyen Lan Cuong Nguyen Hirofumi Matsumura Tianyi Wang Huu T. Nghia Marc F. Oxenham
author_sort	Melandri Vlok
title	Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia
title_short	Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia
title_full	Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia
title_fullStr	Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia
title_full_unstemmed	Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia
title_sort	forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in southeast asia
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0592d6b24c8482383869e56a2ee7aa8
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Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

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