Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts

Abstract Background Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to...

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Autores principales:	Yuliet Montoya, José Cardenas, John Bustamante, Raúl Valencia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Small diameter vascular graft Sequential and co-electrospinning Morphology of scaffolds Physicochemical properties Fluid-mechanical properties Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0596a6f6e4642b391221b4d540b2e72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0596a6f6e4642b391221b4d540b2e722021-11-21T12:04:38ZEffect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts10.1186/s40824-021-00240-82055-7124https://doaj.org/article/f0596a6f6e4642b391221b4d540b2e722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00240-8https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7124Abstract Background Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to enable the bioactivity, dynamic growth and differentiation of cells. Although the performance of a well-designed porous wall is key for these functional requirements maintaining the mechanical function, yet predicting the flow rate and cellular transport are still not widely understood and many questions remain open about new configurations of wall can be used for modifying the conventional electrospun samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fabrication techniques on scaffolds composed of bovine gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) developed by sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning, on the morphology and fluid-mechanical properties of the porous wall. Methodology For this purpose, small diameter tubular structures were manufactured and experimental tests were performed to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, wettability, permeability, degradability, and mechanical properties. Some samples were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve the stability of the gelatin fiber. In addition, it was analyzed how the characteristics of the scaffold favored the levels of cell adhesion and proliferation in an in vitro model of 3T3 fibroblasts in incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. Results It was found that in terms of the morphology of tubular scaffolds, the co-electrospun samples had a better alignment with higher values of fiber diameters and apparent pore area than the sequential samples. The static permeability was more significant in the sequential scaffolds and the hydrophilic was higher in the co-electrospun samples. Therefore, the gelatin mass losses were less in the co-electrospun samples, which promote cellular functions. In terms of mechanical properties, no significant differences were observed for different types of samples. Conclusion This research concluded that the tubular scaffolds generated by sequential and co-electrospinning with modification in the microarchitecture could be used as a vascular graft, as they have better permeability and wettability, interconnected pores, and a circumferential tensile strength similar to native vessel compared to the commercial graft analyzed.Yuliet MontoyaJosé CardenasJohn BustamanteRaúl ValenciaBMCarticleSmall diameter vascular graftSequential and co-electrospinningMorphology of scaffoldsPhysicochemical propertiesFluid-mechanical propertiesMedical technologyR855-855.5ENBiomaterials Research, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Small diameter vascular graft Sequential and co-electrospinning Morphology of scaffolds Physicochemical properties Fluid-mechanical properties Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	Small diameter vascular graft Sequential and co-electrospinning Morphology of scaffolds Physicochemical properties Fluid-mechanical properties Medical technology R855-855.5 Yuliet Montoya José Cardenas John Bustamante Raúl Valencia Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
description	Abstract Background Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to enable the bioactivity, dynamic growth and differentiation of cells. Although the performance of a well-designed porous wall is key for these functional requirements maintaining the mechanical function, yet predicting the flow rate and cellular transport are still not widely understood and many questions remain open about new configurations of wall can be used for modifying the conventional electrospun samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fabrication techniques on scaffolds composed of bovine gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) developed by sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning, on the morphology and fluid-mechanical properties of the porous wall. Methodology For this purpose, small diameter tubular structures were manufactured and experimental tests were performed to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, wettability, permeability, degradability, and mechanical properties. Some samples were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve the stability of the gelatin fiber. In addition, it was analyzed how the characteristics of the scaffold favored the levels of cell adhesion and proliferation in an in vitro model of 3T3 fibroblasts in incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. Results It was found that in terms of the morphology of tubular scaffolds, the co-electrospun samples had a better alignment with higher values of fiber diameters and apparent pore area than the sequential samples. The static permeability was more significant in the sequential scaffolds and the hydrophilic was higher in the co-electrospun samples. Therefore, the gelatin mass losses were less in the co-electrospun samples, which promote cellular functions. In terms of mechanical properties, no significant differences were observed for different types of samples. Conclusion This research concluded that the tubular scaffolds generated by sequential and co-electrospinning with modification in the microarchitecture could be used as a vascular graft, as they have better permeability and wettability, interconnected pores, and a circumferential tensile strength similar to native vessel compared to the commercial graft analyzed.
format	article
author	Yuliet Montoya José Cardenas John Bustamante Raúl Valencia
author_facet	Yuliet Montoya José Cardenas John Bustamante Raúl Valencia
author_sort	Yuliet Montoya
title	Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
title_short	Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
title_full	Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
title_fullStr	Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
title_sort	effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0596a6f6e4642b391221b4d540b2e72
work_keys_str_mv	AT yulietmontoya effectofsequentialelectrospinningandcoelectrospinningonmorphologicalandfluidmechanicalwallpropertiesofpolycaprolactoneandbovinegelatinscaffoldsforpotentialuseinsmalldiametervasculargrafts AT josecardenas effectofsequentialelectrospinningandcoelectrospinningonmorphologicalandfluidmechanicalwallpropertiesofpolycaprolactoneandbovinegelatinscaffoldsforpotentialuseinsmalldiametervasculargrafts AT johnbustamante effectofsequentialelectrospinningandcoelectrospinningonmorphologicalandfluidmechanicalwallpropertiesofpolycaprolactoneandbovinegelatinscaffoldsforpotentialuseinsmalldiametervasculargrafts AT raulvalencia effectofsequentialelectrospinningandcoelectrospinningonmorphologicalandfluidmechanicalwallpropertiesofpolycaprolactoneandbovinegelatinscaffoldsforpotentialuseinsmalldiametervasculargrafts
_version_	1718419280341499904

Effect of sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning on morphological and fluid mechanical wall properties of polycaprolactone and bovine gelatin scaffolds, for potential use in small diameter vascular grafts

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