The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.

<h4>Background</h4>Due to the spatial separation between male and female pollen grains from the anther of most flowering plants, including orchids, pollens are transported by wind or animals and deposited onto the receptive surface of the stigma of a different plant. However, self-pollin...

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Autores principales:	Li-Jun Chen, Ke-Wei Liu, Xin-Ju Xiao, Wen-Chieh Tsai, Yu-Yun Hsiao, Jie Huang, Zhong-Jian Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f059a08fb7fa43b2a183108c7f7d04ca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f059a08fb7fa43b2a183108c7f7d04ca2021-11-18T07:17:41ZThe anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0037478https://doaj.org/article/f059a08fb7fa43b2a183108c7f7d04ca2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22649529/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Due to the spatial separation between male and female pollen grains from the anther of most flowering plants, including orchids, pollens are transported by wind or animals and deposited onto the receptive surface of the stigma of a different plant. However, self-pollination is common in pollinating animal-scarce habitats. In such habitats, self-pollinations require the assistance of a pollinating agent (e.g., wind, gravity, or floral assembly) to transport the pollen grains from the anther onto its own stigma.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Based on observations on floral morphology and flowering phenology, tests of the breeding system, and a comparison of pollination mechanisms, a new self-pollination process was discovered in the hermaphroditic (i.e., possessing spatially separated male and female organs) flower of a slipper orchid, Paphiopedilum parishii. The anther changes from a solid to a liquid state and directly steps onto the stigma surface without the aid of any pollinating agent or floral assembly.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The mode of self-pollination discussed here is a new addition to the broad range of genetic and morphological mechanisms that have evolved in flowering plants to ensure their reproductive success. The present self-contained pollination mechanism is a possible adaptation to the insect-scarce habitat of the orchid.Li-Jun ChenKe-Wei LiuXin-Ju XiaoWen-Chieh TsaiYu-Yun HsiaoJie HuangZhong-Jian LiuPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e37478 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Li-Jun Chen Ke-Wei Liu Xin-Ju Xiao Wen-Chieh Tsai Yu-Yun Hsiao Jie Huang Zhong-Jian Liu The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Due to the spatial separation between male and female pollen grains from the anther of most flowering plants, including orchids, pollens are transported by wind or animals and deposited onto the receptive surface of the stigma of a different plant. However, self-pollination is common in pollinating animal-scarce habitats. In such habitats, self-pollinations require the assistance of a pollinating agent (e.g., wind, gravity, or floral assembly) to transport the pollen grains from the anther onto its own stigma.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Based on observations on floral morphology and flowering phenology, tests of the breeding system, and a comparison of pollination mechanisms, a new self-pollination process was discovered in the hermaphroditic (i.e., possessing spatially separated male and female organs) flower of a slipper orchid, Paphiopedilum parishii. The anther changes from a solid to a liquid state and directly steps onto the stigma surface without the aid of any pollinating agent or floral assembly.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The mode of self-pollination discussed here is a new addition to the broad range of genetic and morphological mechanisms that have evolved in flowering plants to ensure their reproductive success. The present self-contained pollination mechanism is a possible adaptation to the insect-scarce habitat of the orchid.
format	article
author	Li-Jun Chen Ke-Wei Liu Xin-Ju Xiao Wen-Chieh Tsai Yu-Yun Hsiao Jie Huang Zhong-Jian Liu
author_facet	Li-Jun Chen Ke-Wei Liu Xin-Ju Xiao Wen-Chieh Tsai Yu-Yun Hsiao Jie Huang Zhong-Jian Liu
author_sort	Li-Jun Chen
title	The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.
title_short	The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.
title_full	The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.
title_fullStr	The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.
title_full_unstemmed	The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.
title_sort	anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/f059a08fb7fa43b2a183108c7f7d04ca
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The anther steps onto the stigma for self-fertilization in a slipper orchid.

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