The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention.
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale su...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/f0818c0bcc314a92b1313991c8185ade |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| id |
oai:doaj.org-article:f0818c0bcc314a92b1313991c8185ade |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:f0818c0bcc314a92b1313991c8185ade2021-12-02T20:09:42ZThe variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254091https://doaj.org/article/f0818c0bcc314a92b1313991c8185ade2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254091https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage cluster sampling survey taking the dairy herd as a cluster to estimate the prevalence of bTB in dairy farms in six areas of central Ethiopia. The survey, which to date is by far the largest in the area in terms of the number of dairy farms, study areas and risk factors explored, took place from March 2016 to May 2017. This study combined tuberculin skin testing and the collection of additional herd and animal level data by questionnaire to identify potential risk factors contributing to bTB transmission. We applied the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test using >4mm cut-off for considering an individual animal as positive for bTB; at least one reactor animal was required for a herd to be considered bTB positive. Two hundred ninety-nine dairy herds in the six study areas were randomly selected, from which 5,675 cattle were tested. The overall prevalence of bTB after standardisation for herd-size in the population was 54.4% (95% CI 48.7-60%) at the herd level, and it was 24.5% (95% CI 23.3-25.8) at the individual animal level. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with herd and area as random effect was used to explore risk factors association with bTB status. We found that herd size, age, bTB history at farm, and breed were significant risk factors for animals to be SICCT positive. Animals from large herds had 8.3 times the odds of being tuberculin reactor (OR: 8.3, p-value:0.008) as compared to animals from small herds. The effect of age was strongest for animals 8-10 years of age (the oldest category) having 8.9 times the odds of being tuberculin reactors (OR: 8.9, p-value:<0.001) compared to the youngest category. The other identified significant risk factors were bTB history at farm (OR: 5.2, p-value:0.003) and cattle breed (OR: 2.5, p-value: 0.032). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of bTB in central Ethiopia but with a large variation in within-herd prevalence between herds, findings that lays an important foundation for the future development of control strategies.Gizat AlmawAndrew J K ConlanGobena AmeniBalako GumiAlemseged AlemuSintayehu GutaSolomon GebreAbebe OlaniAbebe GaromaDereje SheguLetebrhan YimesgenDemeke NigussieJames L N WoodTamrat AbebeAdane MihretStefan BergETHICOBOTS consortiumPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254091 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
| spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Gizat Almaw Andrew J K Conlan Gobena Ameni Balako Gumi Alemseged Alemu Sintayehu Guta Solomon Gebre Abebe Olani Abebe Garoma Dereje Shegu Letebrhan Yimesgen Demeke Nigussie James L N Wood Tamrat Abebe Adane Mihret Stefan Berg ETHICOBOTS consortium The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention. |
| description |
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage cluster sampling survey taking the dairy herd as a cluster to estimate the prevalence of bTB in dairy farms in six areas of central Ethiopia. The survey, which to date is by far the largest in the area in terms of the number of dairy farms, study areas and risk factors explored, took place from March 2016 to May 2017. This study combined tuberculin skin testing and the collection of additional herd and animal level data by questionnaire to identify potential risk factors contributing to bTB transmission. We applied the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test using >4mm cut-off for considering an individual animal as positive for bTB; at least one reactor animal was required for a herd to be considered bTB positive. Two hundred ninety-nine dairy herds in the six study areas were randomly selected, from which 5,675 cattle were tested. The overall prevalence of bTB after standardisation for herd-size in the population was 54.4% (95% CI 48.7-60%) at the herd level, and it was 24.5% (95% CI 23.3-25.8) at the individual animal level. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with herd and area as random effect was used to explore risk factors association with bTB status. We found that herd size, age, bTB history at farm, and breed were significant risk factors for animals to be SICCT positive. Animals from large herds had 8.3 times the odds of being tuberculin reactor (OR: 8.3, p-value:0.008) as compared to animals from small herds. The effect of age was strongest for animals 8-10 years of age (the oldest category) having 8.9 times the odds of being tuberculin reactors (OR: 8.9, p-value:<0.001) compared to the youngest category. The other identified significant risk factors were bTB history at farm (OR: 5.2, p-value:0.003) and cattle breed (OR: 2.5, p-value: 0.032). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of bTB in central Ethiopia but with a large variation in within-herd prevalence between herds, findings that lays an important foundation for the future development of control strategies. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Gizat Almaw Andrew J K Conlan Gobena Ameni Balako Gumi Alemseged Alemu Sintayehu Guta Solomon Gebre Abebe Olani Abebe Garoma Dereje Shegu Letebrhan Yimesgen Demeke Nigussie James L N Wood Tamrat Abebe Adane Mihret Stefan Berg ETHICOBOTS consortium |
| author_facet |
Gizat Almaw Andrew J K Conlan Gobena Ameni Balako Gumi Alemseged Alemu Sintayehu Guta Solomon Gebre Abebe Olani Abebe Garoma Dereje Shegu Letebrhan Yimesgen Demeke Nigussie James L N Wood Tamrat Abebe Adane Mihret Stefan Berg ETHICOBOTS consortium |
| author_sort |
Gizat Almaw |
| title |
The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention. |
| title_short |
The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention. |
| title_full |
The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention. |
| title_fullStr |
The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention. |
| title_sort |
variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in central ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/f0818c0bcc314a92b1313991c8185ade |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT gizatalmaw thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT andrewjkconlan thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT gobenaameni thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT balakogumi thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT alemsegedalemu thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT sintayehuguta thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT solomongebre thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT abebeolani thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT abebegaroma thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT derejeshegu thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT letebrhanyimesgen thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT demekenigussie thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT jameslnwood thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT tamratabebe thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT adanemihret thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT stefanberg thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT ethicobotsconsortium thevariableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT gizatalmaw variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT andrewjkconlan variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT gobenaameni variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT balakogumi variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT alemsegedalemu variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT sintayehuguta variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT solomongebre variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT abebeolani variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT abebegaroma variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT derejeshegu variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT letebrhanyimesgen variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT demekenigussie variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT jameslnwood variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT tamratabebe variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT adanemihret variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT stefanberg variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention AT ethicobotsconsortium variableprevalenceofbovinetuberculosisamongdairyherdsincentralethiopiaprovidesopportunitiesfortargetedintervention |
| _version_ |
1718375098311770112 |