Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries

High-quality, suitably adapted tree seed at volume is a key component for the implementation and long-term success of forest landscape restoration (FLR). We analysed the tree seed systems in four Asian countries—the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and India—which have committed to restore in total...

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Autores principales:	Ennia Bosshard, Riina Jalonen, Tania Kanchanarak, Vivi Yuskianti, Enrique Tolentino, Rekha R. Warrier, Smitha Krishnan, Dzaeman Dzulkifli, Evert Thomas, Rachel Atkinson, Chris J. Kettle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Philippines Indonesia Malaysia India tree seed supply ecological restoration Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0a81e672a8a4457afb34a8a47295112
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0a81e672a8a4457afb34a8a472951122021-11-25T17:22:48ZAre Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries10.3390/d131105751424-2818https://doaj.org/article/f0a81e672a8a4457afb34a8a472951122021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/11/575https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818High-quality, suitably adapted tree seed at volume is a key component for the implementation and long-term success of forest landscape restoration (FLR). We analysed the tree seed systems in four Asian countries—the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and India—which have committed to restore in total over 47.5 million hectares of degraded lands by 2030. We assessed the national seed systems using an established indicator framework, literature review and expert surveys and interviews. Additionally, we surveyed 61 FLR practitioners about their challenges in acquiring seed to understand how the strengths and weaknesses identified at the national level were reflected in FLR projects on the ground. Identified key constraints common to the studied countries are (i) a mismatch between the growing demand for priority native species and the limited seed supply in terms of quantity and quality, (ii) lack of effective quality control for seed of native species and (iii) lack of information about the effects of climate change on native species to guide species selection and seed sourcing and to improve the resilience of restored ecosystems. We discuss options to strengthen seed systems for native tree species both in terms of quality and volume to enable them to effectively respond to the national FLR commitments and make recommendations on promising technical solutions.Ennia BosshardRiina JalonenTania KanchanarakVivi YuskiantiEnrique TolentinoRekha R. WarrierSmitha KrishnanDzaeman DzulkifliEvert ThomasRachel AtkinsonChris J. KettleMDPI AGarticlePhilippinesIndonesiaMalaysiaIndiatree seed supplyecological restorationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENDiversity, Vol 13, Iss 575, p 575 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Philippines Indonesia Malaysia India tree seed supply ecological restoration Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Philippines Indonesia Malaysia India tree seed supply ecological restoration Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ennia Bosshard Riina Jalonen Tania Kanchanarak Vivi Yuskianti Enrique Tolentino Rekha R. Warrier Smitha Krishnan Dzaeman Dzulkifli Evert Thomas Rachel Atkinson Chris J. Kettle Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries
description	High-quality, suitably adapted tree seed at volume is a key component for the implementation and long-term success of forest landscape restoration (FLR). We analysed the tree seed systems in four Asian countries—the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and India—which have committed to restore in total over 47.5 million hectares of degraded lands by 2030. We assessed the national seed systems using an established indicator framework, literature review and expert surveys and interviews. Additionally, we surveyed 61 FLR practitioners about their challenges in acquiring seed to understand how the strengths and weaknesses identified at the national level were reflected in FLR projects on the ground. Identified key constraints common to the studied countries are (i) a mismatch between the growing demand for priority native species and the limited seed supply in terms of quantity and quality, (ii) lack of effective quality control for seed of native species and (iii) lack of information about the effects of climate change on native species to guide species selection and seed sourcing and to improve the resilience of restored ecosystems. We discuss options to strengthen seed systems for native tree species both in terms of quality and volume to enable them to effectively respond to the national FLR commitments and make recommendations on promising technical solutions.
format	article
author	Ennia Bosshard Riina Jalonen Tania Kanchanarak Vivi Yuskianti Enrique Tolentino Rekha R. Warrier Smitha Krishnan Dzaeman Dzulkifli Evert Thomas Rachel Atkinson Chris J. Kettle
author_facet	Ennia Bosshard Riina Jalonen Tania Kanchanarak Vivi Yuskianti Enrique Tolentino Rekha R. Warrier Smitha Krishnan Dzaeman Dzulkifli Evert Thomas Rachel Atkinson Chris J. Kettle
author_sort	Ennia Bosshard
title	Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries
title_short	Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries
title_full	Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries
title_fullStr	Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries
title_sort	are tree seed systems for forest landscape restoration fit for purpose? an analysis of four asian countries
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0a81e672a8a4457afb34a8a47295112
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Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries

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