Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique

In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was mixed with a renewable polymer, lignin, to produce electrospun nanofibers by using an electrospinning technique. Lignin was utilized as a soft template that was removed from the nanofibers by using a selective dissolution technique to create porous PAN nano...

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Autores principales:	Mohd Adib Tajuddin Ahmad, Norizah Abdul Rahman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polyacrylonitrile lignin electrospinning selective chemical dissolution porous nanofibers nanofibers Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0b8d6491e0f42cbaa0e00ab1cb9c090
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0b8d6491e0f42cbaa0e00ab1cb9c0902021-11-25T18:48:30ZPreparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique10.3390/polym132239382073-4360https://doaj.org/article/f0b8d6491e0f42cbaa0e00ab1cb9c0902021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3938https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was mixed with a renewable polymer, lignin, to produce electrospun nanofibers by using an electrospinning technique. Lignin was utilized as a soft template that was removed from the nanofibers by using a selective dissolution technique to create porous PAN nanofibers. These nanofibers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to study their properties and morphology. The results showed that lignin can be homogeneously mixed into the PAN solution and successfully electrospun into nanofibers. FESEM results showed a strong relationship between the PAN: lignin ratio and the diameter of the electrospun fibers. Lignin was successfully removed from electrospun nanofibers by a selective chemical dissolution technique, which resulted in roughness and porousness on the surface of the nanofibers. Based on the BET result, the specific surface area of the PAN/lignin nanofibers was more than doubled following the removal of lignin compared to PAN nanofibers. The highest specific surface area of nanofibers after selective chemical dissolution was found at an 8:2 ratio of PAN/lignin, which was 32.42 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> with an average pore diameter of 5.02 nm. The diameter of electrospun nanofibers was also slightly reduced after selective chemical dissolution. Porous PAN nanofibers can be seen as the precursors to the production of highly porous carbon nanofibers.Mohd Adib Tajuddin AhmadNorizah Abdul RahmanMDPI AGarticlepolyacrylonitrileligninelectrospinningselective chemical dissolutionporous nanofibersnanofibersOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3938, p 3938 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polyacrylonitrile lignin electrospinning selective chemical dissolution porous nanofibers nanofibers Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	polyacrylonitrile lignin electrospinning selective chemical dissolution porous nanofibers nanofibers Organic chemistry QD241-441 Mohd Adib Tajuddin Ahmad Norizah Abdul Rahman Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique
description	In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was mixed with a renewable polymer, lignin, to produce electrospun nanofibers by using an electrospinning technique. Lignin was utilized as a soft template that was removed from the nanofibers by using a selective dissolution technique to create porous PAN nanofibers. These nanofibers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to study their properties and morphology. The results showed that lignin can be homogeneously mixed into the PAN solution and successfully electrospun into nanofibers. FESEM results showed a strong relationship between the PAN: lignin ratio and the diameter of the electrospun fibers. Lignin was successfully removed from electrospun nanofibers by a selective chemical dissolution technique, which resulted in roughness and porousness on the surface of the nanofibers. Based on the BET result, the specific surface area of the PAN/lignin nanofibers was more than doubled following the removal of lignin compared to PAN nanofibers. The highest specific surface area of nanofibers after selective chemical dissolution was found at an 8:2 ratio of PAN/lignin, which was 32.42 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> with an average pore diameter of 5.02 nm. The diameter of electrospun nanofibers was also slightly reduced after selective chemical dissolution. Porous PAN nanofibers can be seen as the precursors to the production of highly porous carbon nanofibers.
format	article
author	Mohd Adib Tajuddin Ahmad Norizah Abdul Rahman
author_facet	Mohd Adib Tajuddin Ahmad Norizah Abdul Rahman
author_sort	Mohd Adib Tajuddin Ahmad
title	Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique
title_short	Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique
title_full	Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique
title_fullStr	Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique
title_sort	preparation and characterization of highly porous polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibers using lignin as soft template via selective chemical dissolution technique
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0b8d6491e0f42cbaa0e00ab1cb9c090
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohdadibtajuddinahmad preparationandcharacterizationofhighlyporouspolyacrylonitrileelectrospunnanofibersusingligninassofttemplateviaselectivechemicaldissolutiontechnique AT norizahabdulrahman preparationandcharacterizationofhighlyporouspolyacrylonitrileelectrospunnanofibersusingligninassofttemplateviaselectivechemicaldissolutiontechnique
_version_	1718410687579947008

Preparation and Characterization of Highly Porous Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofibers Using Lignin as Soft Template via Selective Chemical Dissolution Technique

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