The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics

Objectives: To investigate the effects of a coffee beverage and two whitening systems on the surface roughness and gloss of glazed Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics (LDGC) for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. Methods: Sixty-eight LDGC disks (12 × 10 × 2 mm) were...

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Autores principales:	Sarah S. Al-Angari, Shahad Meaigel, Nouf Almayouf, Shahad Quwayhis, Abdulelah Aldahash, Nadia S. Al-Angari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SAGE Publishing 2021
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0d8b373ea3e4712a6a932859467faa9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0d8b373ea3e4712a6a932859467faa92021-12-01T02:03:58ZThe effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics2280-800010.1177/22808000211058866https://doaj.org/article/f0d8b373ea3e4712a6a932859467faa92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1177/22808000211058866https://doaj.org/toc/2280-8000Objectives: To investigate the effects of a coffee beverage and two whitening systems on the surface roughness and gloss of glazed Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics (LDGC) for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. Methods: Sixty-eight LDGC disks (12 × 10 × 2 mm) were prepared from blocks of CAD/CAM systems (IPS e.max CAD ceramic). Baseline measurements for surface roughness (Ra) and gloss (GU) were taken using a 3-D optical profilometer and a glossmeter, respectively; then specimens were randomized into four groups ( n = 17). All specimens were immersed in a coffee solution (24 h × 12 days) then subjected to two whitening systems. G1-negative control (kept moist × 7 days); G2-positive control (brushed with distilled water, 200 g/load, 2 min twice daily × 7 days); G3-whitening toothpaste (Colgate optic white; relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) = 100, 200 g/load, 2 min twice daily × 7 days); and G4-simulated at-home bleaching protocol (Opalescence,15% carbamide peroxide (CP), 6 h/day × 7 days). The study outcomes were measured at baseline and after the treatments. Data were analyzed using paired T -test and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: The mean surface roughness significantly increased ( p ⩽ 0.002) for all groups after the designated treatment protocols. Among groups, the mean surface roughness of G2 and G3 were significantly higher ( p ⩽ 0.001) (Ra: 0.51 and 0.57 μm, respectively) compared to the control group (Ra: 0.23 μm), and were not significantly different from G4 (Ra: 0.46 μm). Surface gloss decreased with no significant change within or among groups after treatment. Conclusion: All glazed LDGC had a significant increase in surface roughness after being subjected to simulated 1 year of coffee drinking and whitening systems (15% CP and whitening toothpaste), and the greatest change was associated with brushing (simulating 8 months). However, coffee beverages and whitening systems had no significant effect on the surface gloss.Sarah S. Al-AngariShahad MeaigelNouf AlmayoufShahad QuwayhisAbdulelah AldahashNadia S. Al-AngariSAGE PublishingarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65ENJournal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, Vol 19 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Sarah S. Al-Angari Shahad Meaigel Nouf Almayouf Shahad Quwayhis Abdulelah Aldahash Nadia S. Al-Angari The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics
description	Objectives: To investigate the effects of a coffee beverage and two whitening systems on the surface roughness and gloss of glazed Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics (LDGC) for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. Methods: Sixty-eight LDGC disks (12 × 10 × 2 mm) were prepared from blocks of CAD/CAM systems (IPS e.max CAD ceramic). Baseline measurements for surface roughness (Ra) and gloss (GU) were taken using a 3-D optical profilometer and a glossmeter, respectively; then specimens were randomized into four groups ( n = 17). All specimens were immersed in a coffee solution (24 h × 12 days) then subjected to two whitening systems. G1-negative control (kept moist × 7 days); G2-positive control (brushed with distilled water, 200 g/load, 2 min twice daily × 7 days); G3-whitening toothpaste (Colgate optic white; relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) = 100, 200 g/load, 2 min twice daily × 7 days); and G4-simulated at-home bleaching protocol (Opalescence,15% carbamide peroxide (CP), 6 h/day × 7 days). The study outcomes were measured at baseline and after the treatments. Data were analyzed using paired T -test and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: The mean surface roughness significantly increased ( p ⩽ 0.002) for all groups after the designated treatment protocols. Among groups, the mean surface roughness of G2 and G3 were significantly higher ( p ⩽ 0.001) (Ra: 0.51 and 0.57 μm, respectively) compared to the control group (Ra: 0.23 μm), and were not significantly different from G4 (Ra: 0.46 μm). Surface gloss decreased with no significant change within or among groups after treatment. Conclusion: All glazed LDGC had a significant increase in surface roughness after being subjected to simulated 1 year of coffee drinking and whitening systems (15% CP and whitening toothpaste), and the greatest change was associated with brushing (simulating 8 months). However, coffee beverages and whitening systems had no significant effect on the surface gloss.
format	article
author	Sarah S. Al-Angari Shahad Meaigel Nouf Almayouf Shahad Quwayhis Abdulelah Aldahash Nadia S. Al-Angari
author_facet	Sarah S. Al-Angari Shahad Meaigel Nouf Almayouf Shahad Quwayhis Abdulelah Aldahash Nadia S. Al-Angari
author_sort	Sarah S. Al-Angari
title	The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics
title_short	The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics
title_full	The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics
title_fullStr	The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics
title_sort	effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of cad/cam lithium disilicate glass cermaics
publisher	SAGE Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0d8b373ea3e4712a6a932859467faa9
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The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics

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