Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.

Natural regeneration is less expensive than tree planting, but determining what species will arrive and establish to serve as templates for tropical forest restoration remains poorly investigated in eastern Africa. This study summarises seedling recruitment under 29 isolated legacy trees (14 trees c...

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Autores principales:	Henry J Ndangalasi, Cristina Martínez-Garza, Tesakiah C A Harjo, Clayton A Pedigo, Rebecca J Wilson, Norbert J Cordeiro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f0db2697f8b34bf28fe891b1f3dbbd7c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f0db2697f8b34bf28fe891b1f3dbbd7c2021-11-25T05:54:18ZSeedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250859https://doaj.org/article/f0db2697f8b34bf28fe891b1f3dbbd7c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250859https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Natural regeneration is less expensive than tree planting, but determining what species will arrive and establish to serve as templates for tropical forest restoration remains poorly investigated in eastern Africa. This study summarises seedling recruitment under 29 isolated legacy trees (14 trees comprised of three exotic species and 15 trees comprised of seven native species) in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Among the findings were that pioneer recruits were very abundant whereas non-pioneers were disproportionately fewer. Importantly, 98% of all recruits were animal-dispersed. The size of legacy trees, driven mostly by the exotic Grevillea robusta, and to some extent, the native Milicia excelsa, explained abundance of recruits. The distribution of bird-dispersed recruits suggested that some bird species use all types of legacy trees equally in this fragmented landscape. In contrast, the distribution of bat-dispersed recruits provided strong evidence that seedling composition differed under native versus exotic legacy trees likely due to fruit bats showing more preference for native legacy trees. Native, as compared to exotic legacy trees, had almost two times more non-pioneer recruits, with Ficus and Milicia excelsa driving this trend. Implications of our findings regarding restoration in the tropics are numerous for the movement of native animal-dispersed tree species in fragmented and disturbed tropical forests surrounded by farmland. Isolated native trees that bear fleshy fruits can attract more frugivores, resulting not only in high recruitment under them, but depending on the dispersal mode of the legacy trees, also different suites of recruited species. When selecting tree species for plantings, to maximize visitation by different dispersal agents and to enhance seedling recruit diversity, bat-dispersed Milicia excelsa and Ficus species are recommended.Henry J NdangalasiCristina Martínez-GarzaTesakiah C A HarjoClayton A PedigoRebecca J WilsonNorbert J CordeiroPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0250859 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Henry J Ndangalasi Cristina Martínez-Garza Tesakiah C A Harjo Clayton A Pedigo Rebecca J Wilson Norbert J Cordeiro Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.
description	Natural regeneration is less expensive than tree planting, but determining what species will arrive and establish to serve as templates for tropical forest restoration remains poorly investigated in eastern Africa. This study summarises seedling recruitment under 29 isolated legacy trees (14 trees comprised of three exotic species and 15 trees comprised of seven native species) in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Among the findings were that pioneer recruits were very abundant whereas non-pioneers were disproportionately fewer. Importantly, 98% of all recruits were animal-dispersed. The size of legacy trees, driven mostly by the exotic Grevillea robusta, and to some extent, the native Milicia excelsa, explained abundance of recruits. The distribution of bird-dispersed recruits suggested that some bird species use all types of legacy trees equally in this fragmented landscape. In contrast, the distribution of bat-dispersed recruits provided strong evidence that seedling composition differed under native versus exotic legacy trees likely due to fruit bats showing more preference for native legacy trees. Native, as compared to exotic legacy trees, had almost two times more non-pioneer recruits, with Ficus and Milicia excelsa driving this trend. Implications of our findings regarding restoration in the tropics are numerous for the movement of native animal-dispersed tree species in fragmented and disturbed tropical forests surrounded by farmland. Isolated native trees that bear fleshy fruits can attract more frugivores, resulting not only in high recruitment under them, but depending on the dispersal mode of the legacy trees, also different suites of recruited species. When selecting tree species for plantings, to maximize visitation by different dispersal agents and to enhance seedling recruit diversity, bat-dispersed Milicia excelsa and Ficus species are recommended.
format	article
author	Henry J Ndangalasi Cristina Martínez-Garza Tesakiah C A Harjo Clayton A Pedigo Rebecca J Wilson Norbert J Cordeiro
author_facet	Henry J Ndangalasi Cristina Martínez-Garza Tesakiah C A Harjo Clayton A Pedigo Rebecca J Wilson Norbert J Cordeiro
author_sort	Henry J Ndangalasi
title	Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.
title_short	Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.
title_full	Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.
title_fullStr	Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.
title_full_unstemmed	Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.
title_sort	seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern africa.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f0db2697f8b34bf28fe891b1f3dbbd7c
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Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa.

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