Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), the common constituents of herbivore-infested plant volatiles (HIPVs), play an important role in plant defense and function as chemical cues to communicate with other individuals in nature. Reportedly, in addition to endogenous GLVs, the absorbance of airborne GLVs emitt...

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Autores principales:	Koichi Sugimoto, Yoko Iijima, Junji Takabayashi, Kenji Matsui
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	green leaf volatiles (GLVs) glycosylation bioconversion specialized metabolism aldehyde reductase esterase Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f14676ecf1534cc9889df5b97ef15098
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f14676ecf1534cc9889df5b97ef150982021-11-16T07:46:27ZProcessing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.721572https://doaj.org/article/f14676ecf1534cc9889df5b97ef150982021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.721572/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XGreen leaf volatiles (GLVs), the common constituents of herbivore-infested plant volatiles (HIPVs), play an important role in plant defense and function as chemical cues to communicate with other individuals in nature. Reportedly, in addition to endogenous GLVs, the absorbance of airborne GLVs emitted by infested neighboring plants also play a major role in plant defense. For example, the exclusive accumulation of (Z)-3-hexenyl vicianoside in the HIPV-exposed tomato plants occurs by the glycosylation of airborne (Z)-3-hexenol (Z3HOL); however, it is unclear how plants process the other absorbed GLVs. This study demonstrates that tomato plants dominantly accumulated GLV–glycosides after exposure to green leaf alcohols [Z3HOL, (E)-2-hexenol, and n-hexanol] using non-targeted LC–MS analysis. Three types of green leaf alcohols were independently glycosylated without isomerization or saturation/desaturation. Airborne green leaf aldehydes and esters were also glycosylated, probably through converting aldehydes and esters into alcohols. Further, we validated these findings in Arabidopsis mutants- (Z)-3-hexenal (Z3HAL) reductase (chr) mutant that inhibits the conversion of Z3HAL to Z3HOL and the acetyl-CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase (chat) mutant that impairs the conversion of Z3HOL to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Exposure of the chr and chat mutants to Z3HAL accumulated lower and higher amounts of glycosides than their corresponding wild types (Col-0 and Ler), respectively. These findings suggest that plants process the exogenous GLVs by the reductase(s) and the esterase(s), and a part of the processed GLVs contribute to glycoside accumulation. Overall, the study provides insights into the understanding of the communication of the plants within their ecosystem, which could help develop strategies to protect the crops and maintain a balanced ecosystem.Koichi SugimotoYoko IijimaJunji TakabayashiKenji MatsuiFrontiers Media S.A.articlegreen leaf volatiles (GLVs)glycosylationbioconversionspecialized metabolismaldehyde reductaseesterasePlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	green leaf volatiles (GLVs) glycosylation bioconversion specialized metabolism aldehyde reductase esterase Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	green leaf volatiles (GLVs) glycosylation bioconversion specialized metabolism aldehyde reductase esterase Plant culture SB1-1110 Koichi Sugimoto Yoko Iijima Junji Takabayashi Kenji Matsui Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants
description	Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), the common constituents of herbivore-infested plant volatiles (HIPVs), play an important role in plant defense and function as chemical cues to communicate with other individuals in nature. Reportedly, in addition to endogenous GLVs, the absorbance of airborne GLVs emitted by infested neighboring plants also play a major role in plant defense. For example, the exclusive accumulation of (Z)-3-hexenyl vicianoside in the HIPV-exposed tomato plants occurs by the glycosylation of airborne (Z)-3-hexenol (Z3HOL); however, it is unclear how plants process the other absorbed GLVs. This study demonstrates that tomato plants dominantly accumulated GLV–glycosides after exposure to green leaf alcohols [Z3HOL, (E)-2-hexenol, and n-hexanol] using non-targeted LC–MS analysis. Three types of green leaf alcohols were independently glycosylated without isomerization or saturation/desaturation. Airborne green leaf aldehydes and esters were also glycosylated, probably through converting aldehydes and esters into alcohols. Further, we validated these findings in Arabidopsis mutants- (Z)-3-hexenal (Z3HAL) reductase (chr) mutant that inhibits the conversion of Z3HAL to Z3HOL and the acetyl-CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase (chat) mutant that impairs the conversion of Z3HOL to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Exposure of the chr and chat mutants to Z3HAL accumulated lower and higher amounts of glycosides than their corresponding wild types (Col-0 and Ler), respectively. These findings suggest that plants process the exogenous GLVs by the reductase(s) and the esterase(s), and a part of the processed GLVs contribute to glycoside accumulation. Overall, the study provides insights into the understanding of the communication of the plants within their ecosystem, which could help develop strategies to protect the crops and maintain a balanced ecosystem.
format	article
author	Koichi Sugimoto Yoko Iijima Junji Takabayashi Kenji Matsui
author_facet	Koichi Sugimoto Yoko Iijima Junji Takabayashi Kenji Matsui
author_sort	Koichi Sugimoto
title	Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants
title_short	Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants
title_full	Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants
title_fullStr	Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants
title_full_unstemmed	Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants
title_sort	processing of airborne green leaf volatiles for their glycosylation in the exposed plants
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f14676ecf1534cc9889df5b97ef15098
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Processing of Airborne Green Leaf Volatiles for Their Glycosylation in the Exposed Plants

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