Novel Algicides against Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria from Allelochemicals: Design, Synthesis, Bioassay, and 3D-QSAR Study
Cyanobacteria bloom caused by water eutrophication has threatened human health and become a global environmental problem. To develop green algicides with strong specificity and high efficiency, three series of ester and amide derivatives from parent allelochemicals of caffeic acid (CA), cinnamic aci...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/f14903c4899a4d189ade5b4e1557ee77 |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| Sumario: | Cyanobacteria bloom caused by water eutrophication has threatened human health and become a global environmental problem. To develop green algicides with strong specificity and high efficiency, three series of ester and amide derivatives from parent allelochemicals of caffeic acid (CA), cinnamic acid (CIA), and 3-hydroxyl-2-naphthoic acid (HNA) were designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory effects on the growth of five harmful cyanobacterial species, <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> (<i>M. aeruginosa</i>), <i>Microcystis wesenbergii</i> (<i>M. wesenbergii</i>), <i>Microcystis flos-aquae</i> (<i>M. flos-aquae</i>), <i>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae</i> (<i>Ap. flos-aquae</i>), and <i>Anabaena flos-aquae</i> (<i>An. flos-aquae</i>), were evaluated. The results revealed that CIA esters synthesized by cinnamic acid and fatty alcohols showed the best inhibition effect, with EC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 0.63 to >100 µM. Moreover, some CIA esters exhibited a good selectivity in inhibiting cyanobacteria. For example, the inhibitory activity of naphthalen-2-yl cinnamate was much stronger on <i>Ap. flos-aquae</i> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.63 µM) than other species (EC<sub>50</sub> > 10 µM). Three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis was performed and the results showed that the steric hindrance of the compounds influenced the algicidal activity. Further mechanism study found that the inhibition of CIA esters on the growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> might be related to the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). |
|---|