Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China

Ecosystem services (ESs) are highly vulnerable to human activities. Understanding the relationships among multiple ESs and driving mechanisms are crucial for multi-objective management in complex social-ecological systems. The goals of this study are to quantitatively evaluate and identify ESs hotsp...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Fang Wang, Xingzhong Yuan, Lilei Zhou, Shuangshuang Liu, Mengjie Zhang, Dan Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ecosystem services multiple ecosystem service hotspots trade-offs/synergies ecosystem services bundles driving factors central urban area Chongqing municipality Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f15eb74d91c242b1ae92853fdbb12ea6
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:f15eb74d91c242b1ae92853fdbb12ea6
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f15eb74d91c242b1ae92853fdbb12ea62021-11-11T18:51:16ZDetecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China10.3390/rs132142482072-4292https://doaj.org/article/f15eb74d91c242b1ae92853fdbb12ea62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4248https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Ecosystem services (ESs) are highly vulnerable to human activities. Understanding the relationships among multiple ESs and driving mechanisms are crucial for multi-objective management in complex social-ecological systems. The goals of this study are to quantitatively evaluate and identify ESs hotspots, explore the relationships among ESs and elucidate the driving mechanisms. Taking central urban area Chongqing municipality as the study area, biodiversity (BI), carbon fixation (CF), soil conservation (SC) and water conservation (WC) were evaluated based on the InVEST model and ESs hotspots were identified. The complex interactions among multiple ESs were determined by utilizing multiple methods: spearman correlation analysis, bivariate local spatial autocorrelation and K-means clustering. The linear or nonlinear relationships between ESs and drivers were discussed by generalized additive models (GAMs). The results showed that during 2000–2018, except for CF that exhibited no obvious change, all other ESs showed a decrease tendency. High ESs were clustered in mountains, while ESs in urban areas were lowest. At administrative districts scale, ESs were relatively higher in Beibei, Banan and Yubei, and drastically decreased in Jiangbei. Multiple ES hotspots demonstrated clear spatial heterogeneity, which were mainly composed of forestland and distributed in mountainous areas with high altitude and steep slope. The relationships between ES pairs were synergistic at the entire scale. However, at grid scale, the synergies were mainly concentrated in the high-high and low-low clusters, i.e., mountainous areas and urban central areas. Five ESs bundles presented the interactions among multiple ESs, which showed well correspondence with social-ecological conditions. GAMs indicated that forestland and grassland had positive impact on BI and CF. Additionally, SC was mainly determined by geomorphological factors, while WC were mainly influenced by precipitation. Furthermore, policy factors were confirmed to have a certain positive effect on ESs. This study provides credible references for ecosystem management and urban planning.Fang WangXingzhong YuanLilei ZhouShuangshuang LiuMengjie ZhangDan ZhangMDPI AGarticleecosystem servicesmultiple ecosystem service hotspotstrade-offs/synergiesecosystem services bundlesdriving factorscentral urban area Chongqing municipalityScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4248, p 4248 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ecosystem services multiple ecosystem service hotspots trade-offs/synergies ecosystem services bundles driving factors central urban area Chongqing municipality Science Q
spellingShingle	ecosystem services multiple ecosystem service hotspots trade-offs/synergies ecosystem services bundles driving factors central urban area Chongqing municipality Science Q Fang Wang Xingzhong Yuan Lilei Zhou Shuangshuang Liu Mengjie Zhang Dan Zhang Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China
description	Ecosystem services (ESs) are highly vulnerable to human activities. Understanding the relationships among multiple ESs and driving mechanisms are crucial for multi-objective management in complex social-ecological systems. The goals of this study are to quantitatively evaluate and identify ESs hotspots, explore the relationships among ESs and elucidate the driving mechanisms. Taking central urban area Chongqing municipality as the study area, biodiversity (BI), carbon fixation (CF), soil conservation (SC) and water conservation (WC) were evaluated based on the InVEST model and ESs hotspots were identified. The complex interactions among multiple ESs were determined by utilizing multiple methods: spearman correlation analysis, bivariate local spatial autocorrelation and K-means clustering. The linear or nonlinear relationships between ESs and drivers were discussed by generalized additive models (GAMs). The results showed that during 2000–2018, except for CF that exhibited no obvious change, all other ESs showed a decrease tendency. High ESs were clustered in mountains, while ESs in urban areas were lowest. At administrative districts scale, ESs were relatively higher in Beibei, Banan and Yubei, and drastically decreased in Jiangbei. Multiple ES hotspots demonstrated clear spatial heterogeneity, which were mainly composed of forestland and distributed in mountainous areas with high altitude and steep slope. The relationships between ES pairs were synergistic at the entire scale. However, at grid scale, the synergies were mainly concentrated in the high-high and low-low clusters, i.e., mountainous areas and urban central areas. Five ESs bundles presented the interactions among multiple ESs, which showed well correspondence with social-ecological conditions. GAMs indicated that forestland and grassland had positive impact on BI and CF. Additionally, SC was mainly determined by geomorphological factors, while WC were mainly influenced by precipitation. Furthermore, policy factors were confirmed to have a certain positive effect on ESs. This study provides credible references for ecosystem management and urban planning.
format	article
author	Fang Wang Xingzhong Yuan Lilei Zhou Shuangshuang Liu Mengjie Zhang Dan Zhang
author_facet	Fang Wang Xingzhong Yuan Lilei Zhou Shuangshuang Liu Mengjie Zhang Dan Zhang
author_sort	Fang Wang
title	Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China
title_short	Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China
title_full	Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China
title_fullStr	Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China
title_full_unstemmed	Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China
title_sort	detecting the complex relationships and driving mechanisms of key ecosystem services in the central urban area chongqing municipality, china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f15eb74d91c242b1ae92853fdbb12ea6
work_keys_str_mv	AT fangwang detectingthecomplexrelationshipsanddrivingmechanismsofkeyecosystemservicesinthecentralurbanareachongqingmunicipalitychina AT xingzhongyuan detectingthecomplexrelationshipsanddrivingmechanismsofkeyecosystemservicesinthecentralurbanareachongqingmunicipalitychina AT lileizhou detectingthecomplexrelationshipsanddrivingmechanismsofkeyecosystemservicesinthecentralurbanareachongqingmunicipalitychina AT shuangshuangliu detectingthecomplexrelationshipsanddrivingmechanismsofkeyecosystemservicesinthecentralurbanareachongqingmunicipalitychina AT mengjiezhang detectingthecomplexrelationshipsanddrivingmechanismsofkeyecosystemservicesinthecentralurbanareachongqingmunicipalitychina AT danzhang detectingthecomplexrelationshipsanddrivingmechanismsofkeyecosystemservicesinthecentralurbanareachongqingmunicipalitychina
_version_	1718431739742781440

Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China

Ejemplares similares