The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.

PKR is well characterized for its function in antiviral immunity. Using Toxoplasma gondii, we examined if PKR promotes resistance to disease caused by a non-viral pathogen. PKR(-/-) mice infected with T. gondii exhibited higher parasite load and worsened histopathology in the eye and brain compared...

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Autores principales:	Pauline Sebby Ogolla, Jose-Andres C Portillo, Christine L White, Krupen Patel, Bruce Lamb, Ganes C Sen, Carlos S Subauste
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f16ca556eb244d0d8736baae47a32097
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f16ca556eb244d0d8736baae47a320972021-11-18T06:07:45ZThe protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1003557https://doaj.org/article/f16ca556eb244d0d8736baae47a320972013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23990781/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374PKR is well characterized for its function in antiviral immunity. Using Toxoplasma gondii, we examined if PKR promotes resistance to disease caused by a non-viral pathogen. PKR(-/-) mice infected with T. gondii exhibited higher parasite load and worsened histopathology in the eye and brain compared to wild-type controls. Susceptibility to toxoplasmosis was not due to defective expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, NOS2 or IL-6 in the retina and brain, differences in IL-10 expression in these organs or to impaired induction of T. gondii-reactive T cells. While macrophages/microglia with defective PKR signaling exhibited unimpaired anti-T. gondii activity in response to IFN-γ/TNF-α, these cells were unable to kill the parasite in response to CD40 stimulation. The TRAF6 binding site of CD40, but not the TRAF2,3 binding sites, was required for PKR phosphorylation in response to CD40 ligation in macrophages. TRAF6 co-immunoprecipitated with PKR upon CD40 ligation. TRAF6-PKR interaction appeared to be indirect, since TRAF6 co-immunoprecipitated with TRAF2 and TRAF2 co-immunoprecipitated with PKR, and deficiency of TRAF2 inhibited TRAF6-PKR co-immunoprecipitation as well as PKR phosphorylation induced by CD40 ligation. PKR was required for stimulation of autophagy, accumulation the autophagy molecule LC3 around the parasite, vacuole-lysosomal fusion and killing of T. gondii in CD40-activated macrophages and microglia. Thus, our findings identified PKR as a mediator of anti-microbial activity and promoter of protection against disease caused by a non-viral pathogen, revealed that PKR is activated by CD40 via TRAF6 and TRAF2, and positioned PKR as a link between CD40-TRAF signaling and stimulation of the autophagy pathway.Pauline Sebby OgollaJose-Andres C PortilloChristine L WhiteKrupen PatelBruce LambGanes C SenCarlos S SubaustePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e1003557 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Pauline Sebby Ogolla Jose-Andres C Portillo Christine L White Krupen Patel Bruce Lamb Ganes C Sen Carlos S Subauste The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.
description	PKR is well characterized for its function in antiviral immunity. Using Toxoplasma gondii, we examined if PKR promotes resistance to disease caused by a non-viral pathogen. PKR(-/-) mice infected with T. gondii exhibited higher parasite load and worsened histopathology in the eye and brain compared to wild-type controls. Susceptibility to toxoplasmosis was not due to defective expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, NOS2 or IL-6 in the retina and brain, differences in IL-10 expression in these organs or to impaired induction of T. gondii-reactive T cells. While macrophages/microglia with defective PKR signaling exhibited unimpaired anti-T. gondii activity in response to IFN-γ/TNF-α, these cells were unable to kill the parasite in response to CD40 stimulation. The TRAF6 binding site of CD40, but not the TRAF2,3 binding sites, was required for PKR phosphorylation in response to CD40 ligation in macrophages. TRAF6 co-immunoprecipitated with PKR upon CD40 ligation. TRAF6-PKR interaction appeared to be indirect, since TRAF6 co-immunoprecipitated with TRAF2 and TRAF2 co-immunoprecipitated with PKR, and deficiency of TRAF2 inhibited TRAF6-PKR co-immunoprecipitation as well as PKR phosphorylation induced by CD40 ligation. PKR was required for stimulation of autophagy, accumulation the autophagy molecule LC3 around the parasite, vacuole-lysosomal fusion and killing of T. gondii in CD40-activated macrophages and microglia. Thus, our findings identified PKR as a mediator of anti-microbial activity and promoter of protection against disease caused by a non-viral pathogen, revealed that PKR is activated by CD40 via TRAF6 and TRAF2, and positioned PKR as a link between CD40-TRAF signaling and stimulation of the autophagy pathway.
format	article
author	Pauline Sebby Ogolla Jose-Andres C Portillo Christine L White Krupen Patel Bruce Lamb Ganes C Sen Carlos S Subauste
author_facet	Pauline Sebby Ogolla Jose-Andres C Portillo Christine L White Krupen Patel Bruce Lamb Ganes C Sen Carlos S Subauste
author_sort	Pauline Sebby Ogolla
title	The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.
title_short	The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.
title_full	The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.
title_fullStr	The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.
title_full_unstemmed	The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.
title_sort	protein kinase double-stranded rna-dependent (pkr) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/f16ca556eb244d0d8736baae47a32097
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The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen.

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