Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.

<h4>Background</h4>Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F (Nr2f) orphan nuclear hormone transcription factors (TFs) are fundamental regulators of many developmental processes in invertebrates and vertebrates. Despite the importance of these TFs throughout metazoan development, previous wor...

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Autores principales:	Ugo Coppola, Joshua S Waxman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f1903d5cfa3e4cdfa7843e573b915aa9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f1903d5cfa3e4cdfa7843e573b915aa92021-12-02T20:16:17ZOrigin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254282https://doaj.org/article/f1903d5cfa3e4cdfa7843e573b915aa92021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254282https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F (Nr2f) orphan nuclear hormone transcription factors (TFs) are fundamental regulators of many developmental processes in invertebrates and vertebrates. Despite the importance of these TFs throughout metazoan development, previous work has not clearly outlined their evolutionary history.<h4>Results</h4>We integrated molecular phylogeny with comparisons of intron/exon structure, domain architecture, and syntenic conservation to define critical evolutionary events that distinguish the Nr2f gene family in Metazoa. Our data indicate that a single ancestral eumetazoan Nr2f gene predated six main Bilateria subfamilies, which include single Nr2f homologs, here referred to as Nr2f1/2/5/6, that are present in invertebrate protostomes and deuterostomes, Nr2f1/2 homologs in agnathans, and Nr2f1, Nr2f2, Nr2f5, and Nr2f6 orthologs that are found in gnathostomes. Four cnidarian Nr2f1/2/5/6 and three agnathan Nr2f1/2 members are each due to independent expansions, while the vertebrate Nr2f1/Nr2f2 and Nr2f5/Nr2f6 members each form paralogous groups that arose from the established series of whole-genome duplications (WGDs). Nr2f6 members are the most divergent Nr2f subfamily in gnathostomes. Interestingly, in contrast to the other gnathostome Nr2f subfamilies, Nr2f5 has been independently lost in numerous vertebrate lineages. Furthermore, our analysis shows there are differential expansions and losses of Nr2f genes in teleosts following their additional rounds of WGDs.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Overall, our analysis of Nr2f gene evolution helps to reveal the origins and previously unrecognized relationships of this ancient TF family, which may allow for greater insights into the conservation of Nr2f functions that shape Metazoan body plans.Ugo CoppolaJoshua S WaxmanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0254282 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ugo Coppola Joshua S Waxman Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F (Nr2f) orphan nuclear hormone transcription factors (TFs) are fundamental regulators of many developmental processes in invertebrates and vertebrates. Despite the importance of these TFs throughout metazoan development, previous work has not clearly outlined their evolutionary history.<h4>Results</h4>We integrated molecular phylogeny with comparisons of intron/exon structure, domain architecture, and syntenic conservation to define critical evolutionary events that distinguish the Nr2f gene family in Metazoa. Our data indicate that a single ancestral eumetazoan Nr2f gene predated six main Bilateria subfamilies, which include single Nr2f homologs, here referred to as Nr2f1/2/5/6, that are present in invertebrate protostomes and deuterostomes, Nr2f1/2 homologs in agnathans, and Nr2f1, Nr2f2, Nr2f5, and Nr2f6 orthologs that are found in gnathostomes. Four cnidarian Nr2f1/2/5/6 and three agnathan Nr2f1/2 members are each due to independent expansions, while the vertebrate Nr2f1/Nr2f2 and Nr2f5/Nr2f6 members each form paralogous groups that arose from the established series of whole-genome duplications (WGDs). Nr2f6 members are the most divergent Nr2f subfamily in gnathostomes. Interestingly, in contrast to the other gnathostome Nr2f subfamilies, Nr2f5 has been independently lost in numerous vertebrate lineages. Furthermore, our analysis shows there are differential expansions and losses of Nr2f genes in teleosts following their additional rounds of WGDs.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Overall, our analysis of Nr2f gene evolution helps to reveal the origins and previously unrecognized relationships of this ancient TF family, which may allow for greater insights into the conservation of Nr2f functions that shape Metazoan body plans.
format	article
author	Ugo Coppola Joshua S Waxman
author_facet	Ugo Coppola Joshua S Waxman
author_sort	Ugo Coppola
title	Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.
title_short	Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.
title_full	Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.
title_fullStr	Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.
title_full_unstemmed	Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.
title_sort	origin and evolutionary landscape of nr2f transcription factors across metazoa.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f1903d5cfa3e4cdfa7843e573b915aa9
work_keys_str_mv	AT ugocoppola originandevolutionarylandscapeofnr2ftranscriptionfactorsacrossmetazoa AT joshuaswaxman originandevolutionarylandscapeofnr2ftranscriptionfactorsacrossmetazoa
_version_	1718374559311200256

Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa.

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