Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarco...

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Autores principales:	Praval Khanal, Alun G. Williams, Lingxiao He, Georgina K. Stebbings, Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson, Martine Thomis, Hans Degens, Christopher I. Morse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	elderly sarcopenic obese neuromuscular single-nucleotide polymorphisms Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f1953a69530a494aac8ec3605ec5d80d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f1953a69530a494aac8ec3605ec5d80d2021-11-11T17:34:11ZSarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms10.3390/jcm102149332077-0383https://doaj.org/article/f1953a69530a494aac8ec3605ec5d80d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4933https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian women (71 ± 6 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg), skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectric impedance, and function was tested with a 30 s one-leg standing-balance test. Biceps brachii thickness and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (VL<sub>ACSA</sub>) were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Handgrip strength, maximum voluntary contraction elbow flexion (MVC<sub>EF</sub>), and knee extension torque (MVC<sub>KE</sub>) were measured by dynamometry, and MVC<sub>KE</sub>/VL<sub>ACSA</sub> was calculated. Genotyping was performed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on their previous associations with muscle-related phenotypes. Based on sarcopenia and obesity thresholds, groups were classified as sarcopenic obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, or non-sarcopenic non-obese. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to assess the main effects of sarcopenia and obesity on muscle-related phenotypes and binary logistic regression was performed for each SNP to investigate associations with sarcopenia in obesity. There were no significant obesity * sarcopenic status interactions for any of the investigated muscle-related phenotypic parameters. Neither sarcopenia nor obesity had a significant effect on biceps brachii thickness, but sarcopenia was associated with lower VL<sub>ACSA</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Obesity was associated with lower MVC<sub>EF</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.032), MVC<sub>KE</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.047), and MVC<sub>KE</sub>/VL<sub>ACSA</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.012) with no significant effect of sarcopenia. Adjusted for age and height, three SNPs (<i>ACTN3</i> rs1815739, <i>MTHFR</i> rs1801131, and <i>MTHFR</i> rs1537516) were associated with sarcopenia in obese participants. Sarcopenia was associated with a smaller muscle size, while obesity resulted in a lower muscle quality irrespective of sarcopenia. Three gene variants (<i>ACTN3</i> rs1815739, <i>MTHFR</i> rs1801131, and <i>MTHFR</i> rs1537516) suspected to affect muscle function, homocysteine metabolism, or DNA methylation, respectively, were associated with sarcopenia in obese elderly women. Understanding the skeletal muscle features affected by sarcopenia and obesity, and identification of genes related to sarcopenia in obese women, may facilitate early detection of individuals at particular risk of sarcopenic obesity.Praval KhanalAlun G. WilliamsLingxiao HeGeorgina K. StebbingsGladys L. Onambele-PearsonMartine ThomisHans DegensChristopher I. MorseMDPI AGarticleelderlysarcopenic obeseneuromuscularsingle-nucleotide polymorphismsMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4933, p 4933 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	elderly sarcopenic obese neuromuscular single-nucleotide polymorphisms Medicine R
spellingShingle	elderly sarcopenic obese neuromuscular single-nucleotide polymorphisms Medicine R Praval Khanal Alun G. Williams Lingxiao He Georgina K. Stebbings Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson Martine Thomis Hans Degens Christopher I. Morse Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
description	Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian women (71 ± 6 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg), skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectric impedance, and function was tested with a 30 s one-leg standing-balance test. Biceps brachii thickness and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (VL<sub>ACSA</sub>) were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Handgrip strength, maximum voluntary contraction elbow flexion (MVC<sub>EF</sub>), and knee extension torque (MVC<sub>KE</sub>) were measured by dynamometry, and MVC<sub>KE</sub>/VL<sub>ACSA</sub> was calculated. Genotyping was performed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on their previous associations with muscle-related phenotypes. Based on sarcopenia and obesity thresholds, groups were classified as sarcopenic obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, or non-sarcopenic non-obese. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to assess the main effects of sarcopenia and obesity on muscle-related phenotypes and binary logistic regression was performed for each SNP to investigate associations with sarcopenia in obesity. There were no significant obesity * sarcopenic status interactions for any of the investigated muscle-related phenotypic parameters. Neither sarcopenia nor obesity had a significant effect on biceps brachii thickness, but sarcopenia was associated with lower VL<sub>ACSA</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Obesity was associated with lower MVC<sub>EF</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.032), MVC<sub>KE</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.047), and MVC<sub>KE</sub>/VL<sub>ACSA</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.012) with no significant effect of sarcopenia. Adjusted for age and height, three SNPs (<i>ACTN3</i> rs1815739, <i>MTHFR</i> rs1801131, and <i>MTHFR</i> rs1537516) were associated with sarcopenia in obese participants. Sarcopenia was associated with a smaller muscle size, while obesity resulted in a lower muscle quality irrespective of sarcopenia. Three gene variants (<i>ACTN3</i> rs1815739, <i>MTHFR</i> rs1801131, and <i>MTHFR</i> rs1537516) suspected to affect muscle function, homocysteine metabolism, or DNA methylation, respectively, were associated with sarcopenia in obese elderly women. Understanding the skeletal muscle features affected by sarcopenia and obesity, and identification of genes related to sarcopenia in obese women, may facilitate early detection of individuals at particular risk of sarcopenic obesity.
format	article
author	Praval Khanal Alun G. Williams Lingxiao He Georgina K. Stebbings Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson Martine Thomis Hans Degens Christopher I. Morse
author_facet	Praval Khanal Alun G. Williams Lingxiao He Georgina K. Stebbings Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson Martine Thomis Hans Degens Christopher I. Morse
author_sort	Praval Khanal
title	Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
title_short	Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
title_full	Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
title_fullStr	Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
title_full_unstemmed	Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
title_sort	sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity: relationship with skeletal muscle phenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f1953a69530a494aac8ec3605ec5d80d
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Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

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