Programming of Embryonic Development

Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and parental nutritional status have profound effects on embryonic/fetal and placental development, which are probably mediated via “programming” of gene expression, as reflected by changes in their epigenetic landscape. Such epigenetic changes may underlie pro...

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Autores principales:	Carl R. Dahlen, Pawel P. Borowicz, Alison K. Ward, Joel S. Caton, Marta Czernik, Luca Palazzese, Pasqualino Loi, Lawrence P. Reynolds
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	maternal nutrition assisted reproductive techniques developmental programming epigenetics early pregnancy reproductive function Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f1c11264d9244a219601de9e81af7b6a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f1c11264d9244a219601de9e81af7b6a2021-11-11T17:07:59ZProgramming of Embryonic Development10.3390/ijms2221116681422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/f1c11264d9244a219601de9e81af7b6a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11668https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and parental nutritional status have profound effects on embryonic/fetal and placental development, which are probably mediated via “programming” of gene expression, as reflected by changes in their epigenetic landscape. Such epigenetic changes may underlie programming of growth, development, and function of fetal organs later in pregnancy and the offspring postnatally, and potentially lead to long-term changes in organ structure and function in the offspring as adults. This latter concept has been termed developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), or simply developmental programming, which has emerged as a major health issue in animals and humans because it is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases in the offspring, including metabolic, behavioral, and reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we will briefly introduce the concept of developmental programming and its relationship to epigenetics. We will then discuss evidence that ART and periconceptual maternal and paternal nutrition may lead to epigenetic alterations very early in pregnancy, and how each pregnancy experiences developmental programming based on signals received by and from the dam. Lastly, we will discuss current research on strategies designed to overcome or minimize the negative consequences or, conversely, to maximize the positive aspects of developmental programming.Carl R. DahlenPawel P. BorowiczAlison K. WardJoel S. CatonMarta CzernikLuca PalazzesePasqualino LoiLawrence P. ReynoldsMDPI AGarticlematernal nutritionassisted reproductive techniquesdevelopmental programmingepigeneticsearly pregnancyreproductive functionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11668, p 11668 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	maternal nutrition assisted reproductive techniques developmental programming epigenetics early pregnancy reproductive function Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	maternal nutrition assisted reproductive techniques developmental programming epigenetics early pregnancy reproductive function Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Carl R. Dahlen Pawel P. Borowicz Alison K. Ward Joel S. Caton Marta Czernik Luca Palazzese Pasqualino Loi Lawrence P. Reynolds Programming of Embryonic Development
description	Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and parental nutritional status have profound effects on embryonic/fetal and placental development, which are probably mediated via “programming” of gene expression, as reflected by changes in their epigenetic landscape. Such epigenetic changes may underlie programming of growth, development, and function of fetal organs later in pregnancy and the offspring postnatally, and potentially lead to long-term changes in organ structure and function in the offspring as adults. This latter concept has been termed developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), or simply developmental programming, which has emerged as a major health issue in animals and humans because it is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases in the offspring, including metabolic, behavioral, and reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we will briefly introduce the concept of developmental programming and its relationship to epigenetics. We will then discuss evidence that ART and periconceptual maternal and paternal nutrition may lead to epigenetic alterations very early in pregnancy, and how each pregnancy experiences developmental programming based on signals received by and from the dam. Lastly, we will discuss current research on strategies designed to overcome or minimize the negative consequences or, conversely, to maximize the positive aspects of developmental programming.
format	article
author	Carl R. Dahlen Pawel P. Borowicz Alison K. Ward Joel S. Caton Marta Czernik Luca Palazzese Pasqualino Loi Lawrence P. Reynolds
author_facet	Carl R. Dahlen Pawel P. Borowicz Alison K. Ward Joel S. Caton Marta Czernik Luca Palazzese Pasqualino Loi Lawrence P. Reynolds
author_sort	Carl R. Dahlen
title	Programming of Embryonic Development
title_short	Programming of Embryonic Development
title_full	Programming of Embryonic Development
title_fullStr	Programming of Embryonic Development
title_full_unstemmed	Programming of Embryonic Development
title_sort	programming of embryonic development
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f1c11264d9244a219601de9e81af7b6a
work_keys_str_mv	AT carlrdahlen programmingofembryonicdevelopment AT pawelpborowicz programmingofembryonicdevelopment AT alisonkward programmingofembryonicdevelopment AT joelscaton programmingofembryonicdevelopment AT martaczernik programmingofembryonicdevelopment AT lucapalazzese programmingofembryonicdevelopment AT pasqualinoloi programmingofembryonicdevelopment AT lawrencepreynolds programmingofembryonicdevelopment
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Programming of Embryonic Development

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