Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather

Abstract High-fidelity simulations of coughs and sneezes that serve as virtual experiments are presented, and they offer an unprecedented opportunity to peer into the chaotic evolution of the resulting airborne droplet clouds. While larger droplets quickly fall-out of the cloud, smaller droplets eva...

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Autores principales:	Kai Liu, Majid Allahyari, Jorge S. Salinas, Nadim Zgheib, S. Balachandar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f1d02e40e9164871bb56d797b1a99797
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f1d02e40e9164871bb56d797b1a997972021-12-02T17:02:13ZPeering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather10.1038/s41598-021-89078-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f1d02e40e9164871bb56d797b1a997972021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89078-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract High-fidelity simulations of coughs and sneezes that serve as virtual experiments are presented, and they offer an unprecedented opportunity to peer into the chaotic evolution of the resulting airborne droplet clouds. While larger droplets quickly fall-out of the cloud, smaller droplets evaporate rapidly. The non-volatiles remain airborne as droplet nuclei for a long time to be transported over long distances. The substantial variation observed between the different realizations has important social distancing implications, since probabilistic outlier-events do occur and may need to be taken into account when assessing the risk of contagion. Contrary to common expectations, we observe dry ambient conditions to increase by more than four times the number of airborne potentially virus-laden nuclei, as a result of reduced droplet fall-out through rapid evaporation. The simulation results are used to validate and calibrate a comprehensive multiphase theory, which is then used to predict the spread of airborne nuclei under a wide variety of ambient conditions.Kai LiuMajid AllahyariJorge S. SalinasNadim ZgheibS. BalachandarNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kai Liu Majid Allahyari Jorge S. Salinas Nadim Zgheib S. Balachandar Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather
description	Abstract High-fidelity simulations of coughs and sneezes that serve as virtual experiments are presented, and they offer an unprecedented opportunity to peer into the chaotic evolution of the resulting airborne droplet clouds. While larger droplets quickly fall-out of the cloud, smaller droplets evaporate rapidly. The non-volatiles remain airborne as droplet nuclei for a long time to be transported over long distances. The substantial variation observed between the different realizations has important social distancing implications, since probabilistic outlier-events do occur and may need to be taken into account when assessing the risk of contagion. Contrary to common expectations, we observe dry ambient conditions to increase by more than four times the number of airborne potentially virus-laden nuclei, as a result of reduced droplet fall-out through rapid evaporation. The simulation results are used to validate and calibrate a comprehensive multiphase theory, which is then used to predict the spread of airborne nuclei under a wide variety of ambient conditions.
format	article
author	Kai Liu Majid Allahyari Jorge S. Salinas Nadim Zgheib S. Balachandar
author_facet	Kai Liu Majid Allahyari Jorge S. Salinas Nadim Zgheib S. Balachandar
author_sort	Kai Liu
title	Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather
title_short	Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather
title_full	Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather
title_fullStr	Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather
title_full_unstemmed	Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather
title_sort	peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f1d02e40e9164871bb56d797b1a99797
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Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather

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