Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid whose metabolites play key roles in diverse physiological processes. Due to low reserves in the body, especially under various catabolic conditions, tryptophan deficiency manifests itself rapidly, and both the serotonin and kynurenine pathways of metabolism are...

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Autores principales:	Marcela Kanova, Pavel Kohout
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	delirium inflammation kynurenine pathway polyneuromyopathy post intensive care syndrome rapamycin Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f1e7b3661be3485b9378cf3aa9fb7b69
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f1e7b3661be3485b9378cf3aa9fb7b692021-11-11T17:10:14ZTryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill10.3390/ijms2221117141422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/f1e7b3661be3485b9378cf3aa9fb7b692021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11714https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Tryptophan is an essential amino acid whose metabolites play key roles in diverse physiological processes. Due to low reserves in the body, especially under various catabolic conditions, tryptophan deficiency manifests itself rapidly, and both the serotonin and kynurenine pathways of metabolism are clinically significant in critically ill patients. In this review, we highlight these pathways as sources of serotonin and melatonin, which then regulate neurotransmission, influence circadian rhythm, cognitive functions, and the development of delirium. Kynurenines serve important signaling functions in inter-organ communication and modulate endogenous inflammation. Increased plasma kynurenine levels and kynurenine-tryptophan ratios are early indicators for the development of sepsis. They also influence the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and thereby the development of polyneuromyopathy in critically ill patients. The modulation of tryptophan metabolism could help prevent and treat age-related disease with low grade chronic inflammation as well as post intensive care syndrome in all its varied manifestations: cognitive decline (including delirium or dementia), physical impairment (catabolism, protein breakdown, loss of muscle mass and tone), and mental impairment (depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder).Marcela KanovaPavel KohoutMDPI AGarticledeliriuminflammationkynurenine pathwaypolyneuromyopathypost intensive care syndromerapamycinBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11714, p 11714 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	delirium inflammation kynurenine pathway polyneuromyopathy post intensive care syndrome rapamycin Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	delirium inflammation kynurenine pathway polyneuromyopathy post intensive care syndrome rapamycin Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Marcela Kanova Pavel Kohout Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill
description	Tryptophan is an essential amino acid whose metabolites play key roles in diverse physiological processes. Due to low reserves in the body, especially under various catabolic conditions, tryptophan deficiency manifests itself rapidly, and both the serotonin and kynurenine pathways of metabolism are clinically significant in critically ill patients. In this review, we highlight these pathways as sources of serotonin and melatonin, which then regulate neurotransmission, influence circadian rhythm, cognitive functions, and the development of delirium. Kynurenines serve important signaling functions in inter-organ communication and modulate endogenous inflammation. Increased plasma kynurenine levels and kynurenine-tryptophan ratios are early indicators for the development of sepsis. They also influence the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and thereby the development of polyneuromyopathy in critically ill patients. The modulation of tryptophan metabolism could help prevent and treat age-related disease with low grade chronic inflammation as well as post intensive care syndrome in all its varied manifestations: cognitive decline (including delirium or dementia), physical impairment (catabolism, protein breakdown, loss of muscle mass and tone), and mental impairment (depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder).
format	article
author	Marcela Kanova Pavel Kohout
author_facet	Marcela Kanova Pavel Kohout
author_sort	Marcela Kanova
title	Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill
title_short	Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill
title_full	Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill
title_fullStr	Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill
title_full_unstemmed	Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill
title_sort	tryptophan: a unique role in the critically ill
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f1e7b3661be3485b9378cf3aa9fb7b69
work_keys_str_mv	AT marcelakanova tryptophanauniqueroleinthecriticallyill AT pavelkohout tryptophanauniqueroleinthecriticallyill
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Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill

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