Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem

The northward-flowing Humboldt Current hosts perpetually high levels of productivity along the western coast of South America. Here, we aim to elucidate the deep-time history of this globally important ecosystem based on a detailed palaeoecological analysis of the exceptionally preserved middle–uppe...

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Autores principales:	Alberto Collareta, Olivier Lambert, Felix G. Marx, Christian de Muizon, Rafael Varas-Malca, Walter Landini, Giulia Bosio, Elisa Malinverno, Karen Gariboldi, Anna Gioncada, Mario Urbina, Giovanni Bianucci
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cetaceans East Pisco Basin elasmobranchs fossil-lagerstätte palaeobiology palaeobiooceanography Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f201c543ff704b58808db36011b0d8c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f201c543ff704b58808db36011b0d8c32021-11-25T18:04:01ZVertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem10.3390/jmse91111882077-1312https://doaj.org/article/f201c543ff704b58808db36011b0d8c32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1188https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312The northward-flowing Humboldt Current hosts perpetually high levels of productivity along the western coast of South America. Here, we aim to elucidate the deep-time history of this globally important ecosystem based on a detailed palaeoecological analysis of the exceptionally preserved middle–upper Miocene vertebrate assemblages of the Pisco Formation of the East Pisco Basin, southern Peru. We summarise observations on hundreds of fossil whales, dolphins, seals, seabirds, turtles, crocodiles, sharks, rays, and bony fishes to reconstruct ecological relationships in the wake of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum, and the marked cooling that followed it. The lowermost, middle Miocene Pisco sequence (P0) and its vertebrate assemblage testify to a warm, semi-enclosed, near-shore palaeoenvironment. During the first part of the Tortonian (P1), high productivity within a prominent upwelling system supported a diverse assemblage of mesopredators, at least some of which permanently resided in the Pisco embayment and used it as a nursery or breeding/calving area. Younger portions of the Pisco Formation (P2) reveal a more open setting, with wide-ranging species like rorquals increasingly dominating the vertebrate assemblage, but also local differences reflecting distance from the coast. Like today, these ancient precursors of the modern Humboldt Current Ecosystem were based on sardines, but notably differed from their present-day equivalent in being dominated by extremely large-bodied apex predators like <i>Livyatan melvillei</i> and <i>Carcharocles megalodon</i>.Alberto CollaretaOlivier LambertFelix G. MarxChristian de MuizonRafael Varas-MalcaWalter LandiniGiulia BosioElisa MalinvernoKaren GariboldiAnna GioncadaMario UrbinaGiovanni BianucciMDPI AGarticlecetaceansEast Pisco Basinelasmobranchsfossil-lagerstättepalaeobiologypalaeobiooceanographyNaval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineeringVM1-989OceanographyGC1-1581ENJournal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 9, Iss 1188, p 1188 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cetaceans East Pisco Basin elasmobranchs fossil-lagerstätte palaeobiology palaeobiooceanography Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
spellingShingle	cetaceans East Pisco Basin elasmobranchs fossil-lagerstätte palaeobiology palaeobiooceanography Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Alberto Collareta Olivier Lambert Felix G. Marx Christian de Muizon Rafael Varas-Malca Walter Landini Giulia Bosio Elisa Malinverno Karen Gariboldi Anna Gioncada Mario Urbina Giovanni Bianucci Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem
description	The northward-flowing Humboldt Current hosts perpetually high levels of productivity along the western coast of South America. Here, we aim to elucidate the deep-time history of this globally important ecosystem based on a detailed palaeoecological analysis of the exceptionally preserved middle–upper Miocene vertebrate assemblages of the Pisco Formation of the East Pisco Basin, southern Peru. We summarise observations on hundreds of fossil whales, dolphins, seals, seabirds, turtles, crocodiles, sharks, rays, and bony fishes to reconstruct ecological relationships in the wake of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum, and the marked cooling that followed it. The lowermost, middle Miocene Pisco sequence (P0) and its vertebrate assemblage testify to a warm, semi-enclosed, near-shore palaeoenvironment. During the first part of the Tortonian (P1), high productivity within a prominent upwelling system supported a diverse assemblage of mesopredators, at least some of which permanently resided in the Pisco embayment and used it as a nursery or breeding/calving area. Younger portions of the Pisco Formation (P2) reveal a more open setting, with wide-ranging species like rorquals increasingly dominating the vertebrate assemblage, but also local differences reflecting distance from the coast. Like today, these ancient precursors of the modern Humboldt Current Ecosystem were based on sardines, but notably differed from their present-day equivalent in being dominated by extremely large-bodied apex predators like <i>Livyatan melvillei</i> and <i>Carcharocles megalodon</i>.
format	article
author	Alberto Collareta Olivier Lambert Felix G. Marx Christian de Muizon Rafael Varas-Malca Walter Landini Giulia Bosio Elisa Malinverno Karen Gariboldi Anna Gioncada Mario Urbina Giovanni Bianucci
author_facet	Alberto Collareta Olivier Lambert Felix G. Marx Christian de Muizon Rafael Varas-Malca Walter Landini Giulia Bosio Elisa Malinverno Karen Gariboldi Anna Gioncada Mario Urbina Giovanni Bianucci
author_sort	Alberto Collareta
title	Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem
title_short	Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem
title_full	Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem
title_fullStr	Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem
title_full_unstemmed	Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem
title_sort	vertebrate palaeoecology of the pisco formation (miocene, peru): glimpses into the ancient humboldt current ecosystem
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f201c543ff704b58808db36011b0d8c3
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Vertebrate Palaeoecology of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Glimpses into the Ancient Humboldt Current Ecosystem

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