Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry

Abstract Magnetite is the main constituent of iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, which are a globally important source of Fe and other elements such as P and REE, critical for modern technologies. Geochemical studies of magnetite from IOA deposits have provided key insights into the ore-forming proc...

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Autores principales:	Gisella Palma, Martin Reich, Fernando Barra, J. Tomás Ovalle, Irene del Real, Adam C. Simon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f21bd5a023004768a8f7859f6aa32edd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f21bd5a023004768a8f7859f6aa32edd2021-12-02T18:50:48ZThermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry10.1038/s41598-021-97883-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f21bd5a023004768a8f7859f6aa32edd2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97883-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Magnetite is the main constituent of iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, which are a globally important source of Fe and other elements such as P and REE, critical for modern technologies. Geochemical studies of magnetite from IOA deposits have provided key insights into the ore-forming processes and source of mineralizing fluids. However, to date, only qualitative estimations have been obtained for one of the key controlling physico-chemical parameters, i.e., the temperature of magnetite formation. Here we reconstruct the thermal evolution of Andean IOA deposits by using magnetite thermometry. Our study comprised a > 3000 point geochemical dataset of magnetite from several IOA deposits within the Early Cretaceous Chilean Iron Belt, as well as from the Pliocene El Laco IOA deposit in the Chilean Altiplano. Thermometry data reveal that the deposits formed under a wide range of temperatures, from purely magmatic (~ 1000 to 800 °C), to late magmatic or magmatic-hydrothermal (~ 800 to 600 °C), to purely hydrothermal (< 600 °C) conditions. Magnetite cooling trends are consistent with genetic models invoking a combined igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal origin that involve Fe-rich fluids sourced from intermediate silicate magmas. The data demonstrate the potential of magnetite thermometry to better constrain the thermal evolution of IOA systems worldwide, and help refine the geological models used to find new resources.Gisella PalmaMartin ReichFernando BarraJ. Tomás OvalleIrene del RealAdam C. SimonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gisella Palma Martin Reich Fernando Barra J. Tomás Ovalle Irene del Real Adam C. Simon Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry
description	Abstract Magnetite is the main constituent of iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, which are a globally important source of Fe and other elements such as P and REE, critical for modern technologies. Geochemical studies of magnetite from IOA deposits have provided key insights into the ore-forming processes and source of mineralizing fluids. However, to date, only qualitative estimations have been obtained for one of the key controlling physico-chemical parameters, i.e., the temperature of magnetite formation. Here we reconstruct the thermal evolution of Andean IOA deposits by using magnetite thermometry. Our study comprised a > 3000 point geochemical dataset of magnetite from several IOA deposits within the Early Cretaceous Chilean Iron Belt, as well as from the Pliocene El Laco IOA deposit in the Chilean Altiplano. Thermometry data reveal that the deposits formed under a wide range of temperatures, from purely magmatic (~ 1000 to 800 °C), to late magmatic or magmatic-hydrothermal (~ 800 to 600 °C), to purely hydrothermal (< 600 °C) conditions. Magnetite cooling trends are consistent with genetic models invoking a combined igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal origin that involve Fe-rich fluids sourced from intermediate silicate magmas. The data demonstrate the potential of magnetite thermometry to better constrain the thermal evolution of IOA systems worldwide, and help refine the geological models used to find new resources.
format	article
author	Gisella Palma Martin Reich Fernando Barra J. Tomás Ovalle Irene del Real Adam C. Simon
author_facet	Gisella Palma Martin Reich Fernando Barra J. Tomás Ovalle Irene del Real Adam C. Simon
author_sort	Gisella Palma
title	Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry
title_short	Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry
title_full	Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry
title_fullStr	Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry
title_full_unstemmed	Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry
title_sort	thermal evolution of andean iron oxide–apatite (ioa) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f21bd5a023004768a8f7859f6aa32edd
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Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits as revealed by magnetite thermometry

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