Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

<h4>Objectives</h4>Research on migration and HIV has largely focused on male migration, often failing to measure HIV risks associated with migration for women. We aimed to establish whether associations between migration and HIV infection differ for women and men, and identify possible m...

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Autores principales:	Carol S Camlin, Victoria Hosegood, Marie-Louise Newell, Nuala McGrath, Till Bärnighausen, Rachel C Snow
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f22686179a484604bd67ae20fddb0e66
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f22686179a484604bd67ae20fddb0e662021-12-02T20:20:09ZGender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0011539https://doaj.org/article/f22686179a484604bd67ae20fddb0e662010-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20634965/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>Research on migration and HIV has largely focused on male migration, often failing to measure HIV risks associated with migration for women. We aimed to establish whether associations between migration and HIV infection differ for women and men, and identify possible mechanisms by which women's migration contributes to their high infection risk.<h4>Design</h4>Data on socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of migration, sexual behavior and HIV infection status were obtained for a population of 11,677 women aged 15-49 and men aged 15-54, resident members of households within a demographic surveillance area participating in HIV surveillance in 2003-04.<h4>Methods</h4>Logistic regression was conducted to examine whether sex and migration were independently associated with HIV infection in three additive effects models, using measures of recent migration, household presence and migration frequency. Multiplicative effects models were fitted to explore whether the risk of HIV associated with migration differed for males and females. Further modeling and simulations explored whether composition or behavioral differences accounted for observed associations.<h4>Results</h4>Relative to non-migrant males, non-migrant females had higher odds of being HIV-positive (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.72; 95% confidence interval [1.49-1.99]), but odds were higher for female migrants (aOR = 2.55 [2.07-3.13]). Female migrants also had higher odds of infection relative to female non-migrants (aOR = 1.48 [1.23-1.77]). The association between number of sexual partners over the lifetime and HIV infection was modified by both sex and migrant status: For male non-migrants, each additional partner was associated with 3% higher odds of HIV infection (aOR = 1.03 [1.02-1.05]); for male migrants the association between number of partners and HIV infection was non-significant. Each additional partner increased odds of HIV infection by 22% for female non-migrants (aOR = 1.22 [1.12-1.32]) and 46% for female migrants (aOR = 1.46 [1.25-1.69]).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Higher risk sexual behavior in the context of migration increased women's likelihood of HIV infection.Carol S CamlinVictoria HosegoodMarie-Louise NewellNuala McGrathTill BärnighausenRachel C SnowPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 7, p e11539 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carol S Camlin Victoria Hosegood Marie-Louise Newell Nuala McGrath Till Bärnighausen Rachel C Snow Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
description	<h4>Objectives</h4>Research on migration and HIV has largely focused on male migration, often failing to measure HIV risks associated with migration for women. We aimed to establish whether associations between migration and HIV infection differ for women and men, and identify possible mechanisms by which women's migration contributes to their high infection risk.<h4>Design</h4>Data on socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of migration, sexual behavior and HIV infection status were obtained for a population of 11,677 women aged 15-49 and men aged 15-54, resident members of households within a demographic surveillance area participating in HIV surveillance in 2003-04.<h4>Methods</h4>Logistic regression was conducted to examine whether sex and migration were independently associated with HIV infection in three additive effects models, using measures of recent migration, household presence and migration frequency. Multiplicative effects models were fitted to explore whether the risk of HIV associated with migration differed for males and females. Further modeling and simulations explored whether composition or behavioral differences accounted for observed associations.<h4>Results</h4>Relative to non-migrant males, non-migrant females had higher odds of being HIV-positive (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.72; 95% confidence interval [1.49-1.99]), but odds were higher for female migrants (aOR = 2.55 [2.07-3.13]). Female migrants also had higher odds of infection relative to female non-migrants (aOR = 1.48 [1.23-1.77]). The association between number of sexual partners over the lifetime and HIV infection was modified by both sex and migrant status: For male non-migrants, each additional partner was associated with 3% higher odds of HIV infection (aOR = 1.03 [1.02-1.05]); for male migrants the association between number of partners and HIV infection was non-significant. Each additional partner increased odds of HIV infection by 22% for female non-migrants (aOR = 1.22 [1.12-1.32]) and 46% for female migrants (aOR = 1.46 [1.25-1.69]).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Higher risk sexual behavior in the context of migration increased women's likelihood of HIV infection.
format	article
author	Carol S Camlin Victoria Hosegood Marie-Louise Newell Nuala McGrath Till Bärnighausen Rachel C Snow
author_facet	Carol S Camlin Victoria Hosegood Marie-Louise Newell Nuala McGrath Till Bärnighausen Rachel C Snow
author_sort	Carol S Camlin
title	Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
title_short	Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
title_full	Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
title_fullStr	Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
title_full_unstemmed	Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
title_sort	gender, migration and hiv in rural kwazulu-natal, south africa.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/f22686179a484604bd67ae20fddb0e66
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Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

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