Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices

Abstract Straw incorporation is an effective measure for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) thereby improving soil quality and crop productivity. However, quantitative assessments of the transformation and distribution of exogenous carbon (C) in soil aggregates under various field fertilization pr...

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Autores principales:	Zhuang Ge, Tingting An, Roland Bol, Shuangyi Li, Ping Zhu, Chang Peng, Yingde Xu, Na Cheng, Tingyu Li, Yihui Wu, Ninghui Xie, Jingkuan Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f22a2ae19ed2458591fb59b0b597b61e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f22a2ae19ed2458591fb59b0b597b61e2021-12-02T14:58:47ZDistributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices10.1038/s41598-021-97546-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f22a2ae19ed2458591fb59b0b597b61e2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97546-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Straw incorporation is an effective measure for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) thereby improving soil quality and crop productivity. However, quantitative assessments of the transformation and distribution of exogenous carbon (C) in soil aggregates under various field fertilization practices have been lacking. In this study, we collected topsoil samples (0–20 cm) from three fertilization treatments (no fertilization control, CK; inorganic fertilizer, IF; inorganic fertilizer plus manure, IFM) at a 29-year long-term Mollisol experiment in Northeast China. We then mixed the soil samples with 13C-labeled maize straw (δ13C = 246.9‰), referred as CKS, IFS, and IFMS, and incubated them in-situ for 360 days. Initial and incubated soil samples were separated into four aggregate fractions (> 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm) using the dry-sieving method, which counted 18%, 17%, 45%, and 21% (averages from the three initial soil samples), respectively. Organic C content was highest in 0.25–1 mm aggregate (6.9–9.6 g kg−1) prior to incubation, followed by > 2 mm aggregates (2.2–5.8 g kg−1), 1–2 mm aggregates (2.4–4.6 g kg−1), and < 0.25 mm aggregates (3.3–4.5 g kg−1). After 360-day incubation with straw incorporation, organic C content was 2.3–4.5 g kg−1, 2.9–5.0 g kg−1, 7.2–11 g kg−1 and 1.8–3.0 g kg−1 in > 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm aggregates, respectively, with the highest in the IFMS treatment. Straw-derived C content was 0.02–0.05 g kg−1, 0.03–0.04 g kg−1, 0.11–0.13 g kg−1, and 0.05–0.10 g kg−1 in > 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm aggregates, respectively. The relative distribution of straw-derived C was highest (40–49%) in 0.25–1 mm aggregate, followed by < 0.25 mm aggregates (21–31%), 1–2 mm aggregates (13–15%), and > 2 mm aggregates (9.4–16%). During the incubation, the relative distribution of straw-derived C exhibited a decrease in > 2 mm and 1–2 mm aggregates, but an increase in the < 0.25 mm aggregate. At the end of incubation, the relative distribution of straw-derived C showed a decrease in the 0.25–1 mm aggregate but an increase in the < 0.25 mm aggregate under the IFMS treatment. This study indicates that more straw-derived C would be accumulated in smaller aggregates over longer period in Mollisols, and combined inorganic and organic fertilization is an effective measure for C sequestration in Northeast China.Zhuang GeTingting AnRoland BolShuangyi LiPing ZhuChang PengYingde XuNa ChengTingyu LiYihui WuNinghui XieJingkuan WangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zhuang Ge Tingting An Roland Bol Shuangyi Li Ping Zhu Chang Peng Yingde Xu Na Cheng Tingyu Li Yihui Wu Ninghui Xie Jingkuan Wang Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices
description	Abstract Straw incorporation is an effective measure for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) thereby improving soil quality and crop productivity. However, quantitative assessments of the transformation and distribution of exogenous carbon (C) in soil aggregates under various field fertilization practices have been lacking. In this study, we collected topsoil samples (0–20 cm) from three fertilization treatments (no fertilization control, CK; inorganic fertilizer, IF; inorganic fertilizer plus manure, IFM) at a 29-year long-term Mollisol experiment in Northeast China. We then mixed the soil samples with 13C-labeled maize straw (δ13C = 246.9‰), referred as CKS, IFS, and IFMS, and incubated them in-situ for 360 days. Initial and incubated soil samples were separated into four aggregate fractions (> 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm) using the dry-sieving method, which counted 18%, 17%, 45%, and 21% (averages from the three initial soil samples), respectively. Organic C content was highest in 0.25–1 mm aggregate (6.9–9.6 g kg−1) prior to incubation, followed by > 2 mm aggregates (2.2–5.8 g kg−1), 1–2 mm aggregates (2.4–4.6 g kg−1), and < 0.25 mm aggregates (3.3–4.5 g kg−1). After 360-day incubation with straw incorporation, organic C content was 2.3–4.5 g kg−1, 2.9–5.0 g kg−1, 7.2–11 g kg−1 and 1.8–3.0 g kg−1 in > 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm aggregates, respectively, with the highest in the IFMS treatment. Straw-derived C content was 0.02–0.05 g kg−1, 0.03–0.04 g kg−1, 0.11–0.13 g kg−1, and 0.05–0.10 g kg−1 in > 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm aggregates, respectively. The relative distribution of straw-derived C was highest (40–49%) in 0.25–1 mm aggregate, followed by < 0.25 mm aggregates (21–31%), 1–2 mm aggregates (13–15%), and > 2 mm aggregates (9.4–16%). During the incubation, the relative distribution of straw-derived C exhibited a decrease in > 2 mm and 1–2 mm aggregates, but an increase in the < 0.25 mm aggregate. At the end of incubation, the relative distribution of straw-derived C showed a decrease in the 0.25–1 mm aggregate but an increase in the < 0.25 mm aggregate under the IFMS treatment. This study indicates that more straw-derived C would be accumulated in smaller aggregates over longer period in Mollisols, and combined inorganic and organic fertilization is an effective measure for C sequestration in Northeast China.
format	article
author	Zhuang Ge Tingting An Roland Bol Shuangyi Li Ping Zhu Chang Peng Yingde Xu Na Cheng Tingyu Li Yihui Wu Ninghui Xie Jingkuan Wang
author_facet	Zhuang Ge Tingting An Roland Bol Shuangyi Li Ping Zhu Chang Peng Yingde Xu Na Cheng Tingyu Li Yihui Wu Ninghui Xie Jingkuan Wang
author_sort	Zhuang Ge
title	Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices
title_short	Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices
title_full	Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices
title_fullStr	Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices
title_full_unstemmed	Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices
title_sort	distributions of straw-derived carbon in mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f22a2ae19ed2458591fb59b0b597b61e
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Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices

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