Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana

Abstract The putative ferricrocin synthetase gene ferS in the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana BCC 2660 was identified and characterized. The 14,445-bp ferS encodes a multimodular nonribosomal siderophore synthetase tightly clustered with Fusarium graminearum ferricrocin synthetase. Function...

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Autores principales:	Jiraporn Jirakkakul, Nuchnudda Wichienchote, Somsak Likhitrattanapisal, Supawadee Ingsriswang, Thippawan Yoocha, Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang, Rudsamee Wasuwan, Supapon Cheevadhanarak, Morakot Tanticharoen, Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f240bac2c5114a34a2f0d137cacb027e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f240bac2c5114a34a2f0d137cacb027e2021-12-02T17:13:16ZIron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana10.1038/s41598-021-99030-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f240bac2c5114a34a2f0d137cacb027e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99030-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The putative ferricrocin synthetase gene ferS in the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana BCC 2660 was identified and characterized. The 14,445-bp ferS encodes a multimodular nonribosomal siderophore synthetase tightly clustered with Fusarium graminearum ferricrocin synthetase. Functional analysis of this gene was performed by disruption with the bar cassette. ΔferS mutants were verified by Southern and PCR analyses. HPLC and TLC analyses of crude extracts indicated that biosynthesis of ferricrocin was abolished in ΔferS. Insect bioassays surprisingly indicated that ΔferS killed the Spodoptera exigua larvae faster (LT50 59 h) than wild type (66 h). Growth and developmental assays of the mutant and wild type demonstrated that ΔferS had a significant increase in germination under iron depletion and radial growth and a decrease in conidiation. Mitotracker staining showed that the mitochondrial activity was enriched in ΔferS under both iron excess and iron depletion. Comparative transcriptomes between wild type and ΔferS indicated that the mutant was increased in the expression of eight cytochrome P450 genes and those in iron homeostasis, ferroptosis, oxidative stress response, ergosterol biosynthesis, and TCA cycle, compared to wild type. Our data suggested that ΔferS sensed the iron excess and the oxidative stress and, in turn, was up-regulated in the antioxidant-related genes and those in ergosterol biosynthesis and TCA cycle. These increased biological pathways help ΔferS grow and germinate faster than the wild type and caused higher insect mortality than the wild type in the early phase of infection.Jiraporn JirakkakulNuchnudda WichienchoteSomsak LikhitrattanapisalSupawadee IngsriswangThippawan YoochaSithichoke TangphatsornruangRudsamee WasuwanSupapon CheevadhanarakMorakot TanticharoenAlongkorn AmnuaykanjanasinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jiraporn Jirakkakul Nuchnudda Wichienchote Somsak Likhitrattanapisal Supawadee Ingsriswang Thippawan Yoocha Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang Rudsamee Wasuwan Supapon Cheevadhanarak Morakot Tanticharoen Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana
description	Abstract The putative ferricrocin synthetase gene ferS in the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana BCC 2660 was identified and characterized. The 14,445-bp ferS encodes a multimodular nonribosomal siderophore synthetase tightly clustered with Fusarium graminearum ferricrocin synthetase. Functional analysis of this gene was performed by disruption with the bar cassette. ΔferS mutants were verified by Southern and PCR analyses. HPLC and TLC analyses of crude extracts indicated that biosynthesis of ferricrocin was abolished in ΔferS. Insect bioassays surprisingly indicated that ΔferS killed the Spodoptera exigua larvae faster (LT50 59 h) than wild type (66 h). Growth and developmental assays of the mutant and wild type demonstrated that ΔferS had a significant increase in germination under iron depletion and radial growth and a decrease in conidiation. Mitotracker staining showed that the mitochondrial activity was enriched in ΔferS under both iron excess and iron depletion. Comparative transcriptomes between wild type and ΔferS indicated that the mutant was increased in the expression of eight cytochrome P450 genes and those in iron homeostasis, ferroptosis, oxidative stress response, ergosterol biosynthesis, and TCA cycle, compared to wild type. Our data suggested that ΔferS sensed the iron excess and the oxidative stress and, in turn, was up-regulated in the antioxidant-related genes and those in ergosterol biosynthesis and TCA cycle. These increased biological pathways help ΔferS grow and germinate faster than the wild type and caused higher insect mortality than the wild type in the early phase of infection.
format	article
author	Jiraporn Jirakkakul Nuchnudda Wichienchote Somsak Likhitrattanapisal Supawadee Ingsriswang Thippawan Yoocha Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang Rudsamee Wasuwan Supapon Cheevadhanarak Morakot Tanticharoen Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin
author_facet	Jiraporn Jirakkakul Nuchnudda Wichienchote Somsak Likhitrattanapisal Supawadee Ingsriswang Thippawan Yoocha Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang Rudsamee Wasuwan Supapon Cheevadhanarak Morakot Tanticharoen Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin
author_sort	Jiraporn Jirakkakul
title	Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana
title_short	Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana
title_full	Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana
title_fullStr	Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana
title_full_unstemmed	Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana
title_sort	iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in beauveria bassiana
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f240bac2c5114a34a2f0d137cacb027e
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Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana

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