On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles

Abstract The ionosphere is one of the important sources for magnetospheric plasma, particularly for heavy ions with low charge states. We investigate the effect of solar illumination on the number flux of ion outflow using data obtained by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) satellite at 3000–4150 km a...

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Autores principales:	Naritoshi Kitamura, Kanako Seki, Kunihiro Keika, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Tomoaki Hori, Masafumi Hirahara, Eric J. Lund, Lynn M. Kistler, Robert J. Strangeway
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Auroral ion outflow Polar ionosphere Auroral precipitation FAST satellite Cleft ion fountain Ion conics Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f26d26be2700465d8ace3b1575397cd3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f26d26be2700465d8ace3b1575397cd32021-11-08T11:02:31ZOn the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles10.1186/s40623-021-01532-y1880-5981https://doaj.org/article/f26d26be2700465d8ace3b1575397cd32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01532-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/1880-5981Abstract The ionosphere is one of the important sources for magnetospheric plasma, particularly for heavy ions with low charge states. We investigate the effect of solar illumination on the number flux of ion outflow using data obtained by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) satellite at 3000–4150 km altitude from 7 January 1998 to 5 February 1999. We derive empirical formulas between energy inputs and outflowing ion number fluxes for various solar zenith angle ranges. We found that the outflowing ion number flux under sunlit conditions increases more steeply with increasing electron density in the loss cone or with increasing precipitating electron density (> 50 eV), compared to the ion flux under dark conditions. Under ionospheric dark conditions, weak electron precipitation can drive ion outflow with small averaged fluxes (~ 107 cm−2 s−1). The slopes of relations between the Poynting fluxes and outflowing ion number fluxes show no clear dependence on the solar zenith angle. Intense ion outflow events (> 108 cm−2 s−1) occur mostly under sunlit conditions (solar zenith angle < 90°). Thus, it is presumably difficult to drive intense ion outflows under dark conditions, because of a lack of the solar illumination (low ionospheric density and/or small scale height owing to low plasma temperature). Graphical abstractNaritoshi KitamuraKanako SekiKunihiro KeikaYukitoshi NishimuraTomoaki HoriMasafumi HiraharaEric J. LundLynn M. KistlerRobert J. StrangewaySpringerOpenarticleAuroral ion outflowPolar ionosphereAuroral precipitationFAST satelliteCleft ion fountainIon conicsGeography. Anthropology. RecreationGGeodesyQB275-343GeologyQE1-996.5ENEarth, Planets and Space, Vol 73, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Auroral ion outflow Polar ionosphere Auroral precipitation FAST satellite Cleft ion fountain Ion conics Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	Auroral ion outflow Polar ionosphere Auroral precipitation FAST satellite Cleft ion fountain Ion conics Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5 Naritoshi Kitamura Kanako Seki Kunihiro Keika Yukitoshi Nishimura Tomoaki Hori Masafumi Hirahara Eric J. Lund Lynn M. Kistler Robert J. Strangeway On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles
description	Abstract The ionosphere is one of the important sources for magnetospheric plasma, particularly for heavy ions with low charge states. We investigate the effect of solar illumination on the number flux of ion outflow using data obtained by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) satellite at 3000–4150 km altitude from 7 January 1998 to 5 February 1999. We derive empirical formulas between energy inputs and outflowing ion number fluxes for various solar zenith angle ranges. We found that the outflowing ion number flux under sunlit conditions increases more steeply with increasing electron density in the loss cone or with increasing precipitating electron density (> 50 eV), compared to the ion flux under dark conditions. Under ionospheric dark conditions, weak electron precipitation can drive ion outflow with small averaged fluxes (~ 107 cm−2 s−1). The slopes of relations between the Poynting fluxes and outflowing ion number fluxes show no clear dependence on the solar zenith angle. Intense ion outflow events (> 108 cm−2 s−1) occur mostly under sunlit conditions (solar zenith angle < 90°). Thus, it is presumably difficult to drive intense ion outflows under dark conditions, because of a lack of the solar illumination (low ionospheric density and/or small scale height owing to low plasma temperature). Graphical abstract
format	article
author	Naritoshi Kitamura Kanako Seki Kunihiro Keika Yukitoshi Nishimura Tomoaki Hori Masafumi Hirahara Eric J. Lund Lynn M. Kistler Robert J. Strangeway
author_facet	Naritoshi Kitamura Kanako Seki Kunihiro Keika Yukitoshi Nishimura Tomoaki Hori Masafumi Hirahara Eric J. Lund Lynn M. Kistler Robert J. Strangeway
author_sort	Naritoshi Kitamura
title	On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles
title_short	On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles
title_full	On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles
title_fullStr	On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles
title_full_unstemmed	On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles
title_sort	on the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f26d26be2700465d8ace3b1575397cd3
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On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles

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