Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives

The excellent therapeutic potential of a variety of phytochemicals in different diseases has been proven by extensive studies throughout history. However, most phytochemicals are characterized by a high molecular weight, poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-s...

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Autores principales:	Syed Sarim Imam, Sultan Alshehri, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Md. Rizwanullah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phytochemicals chitosan nanoparticles mucoadhesion bioavailability bioactivity Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f2889d8aac8f4fe8942b5364c6abf1cc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f2889d8aac8f4fe8942b5364c6abf1cc2021-11-25T18:49:34ZRecent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives10.3390/polym132240362073-4360https://doaj.org/article/f2889d8aac8f4fe8942b5364c6abf1cc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/4036https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360The excellent therapeutic potential of a variety of phytochemicals in different diseases has been proven by extensive studies throughout history. However, most phytochemicals are characterized by a high molecular weight, poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-systemic metabolism, and poor stability in the harsh gastrointestinal milieu. Therefore, loading of these phytochemicals in biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) might be an effective approach to improve their bioactivity. Different nanocarrier systems have been developed in recent decades to deliver phytochemicals. Among them, NPs based on chitosan (CS) (CS-NPs), a mucoadhesive, non-toxic, and biodegradable polysaccharide, are considered the best nanoplatform for the oral delivery of phytochemicals. This review highlights the oral delivery of natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, encapsulated in NPs prepared from a natural polymer, i.e., CS, for improved bioavailability and bioactivity. The unique properties of CS for oral delivery such as its mucoadhesiveness, non-toxicity, excellent stability in the harsh environment of the GIT, good solubility in slightly acidic and alkaline conditions, and ability to enhance intestinal permeability are discussed first, and then the outcomes of various phytochemical-loaded CS-NPs after oral administration are discussed in detail. Furthermore, different challenges associated with the oral delivery of phytochemicals with CS-NPs and future directions are also discussed.Syed Sarim ImamSultan AlshehriMohammed M. GhoneimAmeeduzzafar ZafarOmar Awad AlsaidanNabil K. AlruwailiSadaf Jamal GilaniMd. RizwanullahMDPI AGarticlephytochemicalschitosan nanoparticlesmucoadhesionbioavailabilitybioactivityOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 4036, p 4036 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phytochemicals chitosan nanoparticles mucoadhesion bioavailability bioactivity Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	phytochemicals chitosan nanoparticles mucoadhesion bioavailability bioactivity Organic chemistry QD241-441 Syed Sarim Imam Sultan Alshehri Mohammed M. Ghoneim Ameeduzzafar Zafar Omar Awad Alsaidan Nabil K. Alruwaili Sadaf Jamal Gilani Md. Rizwanullah Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives
description	The excellent therapeutic potential of a variety of phytochemicals in different diseases has been proven by extensive studies throughout history. However, most phytochemicals are characterized by a high molecular weight, poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-systemic metabolism, and poor stability in the harsh gastrointestinal milieu. Therefore, loading of these phytochemicals in biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) might be an effective approach to improve their bioactivity. Different nanocarrier systems have been developed in recent decades to deliver phytochemicals. Among them, NPs based on chitosan (CS) (CS-NPs), a mucoadhesive, non-toxic, and biodegradable polysaccharide, are considered the best nanoplatform for the oral delivery of phytochemicals. This review highlights the oral delivery of natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, encapsulated in NPs prepared from a natural polymer, i.e., CS, for improved bioavailability and bioactivity. The unique properties of CS for oral delivery such as its mucoadhesiveness, non-toxicity, excellent stability in the harsh environment of the GIT, good solubility in slightly acidic and alkaline conditions, and ability to enhance intestinal permeability are discussed first, and then the outcomes of various phytochemical-loaded CS-NPs after oral administration are discussed in detail. Furthermore, different challenges associated with the oral delivery of phytochemicals with CS-NPs and future directions are also discussed.
format	article
author	Syed Sarim Imam Sultan Alshehri Mohammed M. Ghoneim Ameeduzzafar Zafar Omar Awad Alsaidan Nabil K. Alruwaili Sadaf Jamal Gilani Md. Rizwanullah
author_facet	Syed Sarim Imam Sultan Alshehri Mohammed M. Ghoneim Ameeduzzafar Zafar Omar Awad Alsaidan Nabil K. Alruwaili Sadaf Jamal Gilani Md. Rizwanullah
author_sort	Syed Sarim Imam
title	Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives
title_short	Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives
title_full	Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives
title_fullStr	Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives
title_sort	recent advancement in chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved oral bioavailability and bioactivity of phytochemicals: challenges and perspectives
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f2889d8aac8f4fe8942b5364c6abf1cc
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Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives

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