Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas

Background: Recently, differences in mortality rates of COVID-19 in different geographic areas have become an important subject of research because these different mortality rates appear to be associated with mutations that appeared in SARS-CoV-2. The part of the viral body called the spike protein...

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Autores principales:	Ysrafil Ysrafil, Rosdiana Mus, Noviyanty Indjar Gama, Dwi Rahmaisyah, Riskah Nur'amalia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Spike protein SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Pandemic Medicine (General) R5-920 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f28bd3c059ac450caff5f601a5bad903
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f28bd3c059ac450caff5f601a5bad9032021-11-28T04:33:13ZEmerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas2319-417010.1016/j.bj.2021.07.003https://doaj.org/article/f28bd3c059ac450caff5f601a5bad9032021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417021000901https://doaj.org/toc/2319-4170Background: Recently, differences in mortality rates of COVID-19 in different geographic areas have become an important subject of research because these different mortality rates appear to be associated with mutations that appeared in SARS-CoV-2. The part of the viral body called the spike protein plays a critical role in the viral attachment and entry of the virus into the host cell. Accordingly, we hypothesized that mutations in this area will affect viral infectivity. Methods: A total of 193 sequences of spike SARS-CoV-2 were randomly retrieved from five different geographic areas and collection dates (from December 2019 until July 2020). Multiple sequence alignment for mutation and phylogenetic analyses was conducted using Bioedit, UniProt, and MEGA X. Results: We found 169 total mutations with 37 different mutations across the included samples. The D614G is the first and most frequently established mutation in different regions including Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia with the number of mutations of 49, 33, 17, 16 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, we also found mutations in several important domains in this virus including NTD and CTR/RBD of S1 subunit and at S2 subunit area, namely the peptide fusion (FP), and both heptad repetition (HR1 and 2) domains that suggested this could influence virus binding and virus-host cell membrane fusion. Conclusion: In summary, we concluded that mutation had generated diversity of spike SARS-CoV-2 sequences worldwide and is still growing. This analysis may provide important evidence that should be considered in vaccine development in different geographic areas.Ysrafil YsrafilRosdiana MusNoviyanty Indjar GamaDwi RahmaisyahRiskah Nur'amaliaElsevierarticleSpike proteinSARS-CoV-2MutationPandemicMedicine (General)R5-920Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedical Journal, Vol 44, Iss 5, Pp 570-581 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Spike protein SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Pandemic Medicine (General) R5-920 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Spike protein SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Pandemic Medicine (General) R5-920 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ysrafil Ysrafil Rosdiana Mus Noviyanty Indjar Gama Dwi Rahmaisyah Riskah Nur'amalia Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas
description	Background: Recently, differences in mortality rates of COVID-19 in different geographic areas have become an important subject of research because these different mortality rates appear to be associated with mutations that appeared in SARS-CoV-2. The part of the viral body called the spike protein plays a critical role in the viral attachment and entry of the virus into the host cell. Accordingly, we hypothesized that mutations in this area will affect viral infectivity. Methods: A total of 193 sequences of spike SARS-CoV-2 were randomly retrieved from five different geographic areas and collection dates (from December 2019 until July 2020). Multiple sequence alignment for mutation and phylogenetic analyses was conducted using Bioedit, UniProt, and MEGA X. Results: We found 169 total mutations with 37 different mutations across the included samples. The D614G is the first and most frequently established mutation in different regions including Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia with the number of mutations of 49, 33, 17, 16 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, we also found mutations in several important domains in this virus including NTD and CTR/RBD of S1 subunit and at S2 subunit area, namely the peptide fusion (FP), and both heptad repetition (HR1 and 2) domains that suggested this could influence virus binding and virus-host cell membrane fusion. Conclusion: In summary, we concluded that mutation had generated diversity of spike SARS-CoV-2 sequences worldwide and is still growing. This analysis may provide important evidence that should be considered in vaccine development in different geographic areas.
format	article
author	Ysrafil Ysrafil Rosdiana Mus Noviyanty Indjar Gama Dwi Rahmaisyah Riskah Nur'amalia
author_facet	Ysrafil Ysrafil Rosdiana Mus Noviyanty Indjar Gama Dwi Rahmaisyah Riskah Nur'amalia
author_sort	Ysrafil Ysrafil
title	Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas
title_short	Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas
title_full	Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas
title_fullStr	Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas
title_full_unstemmed	Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas
title_sort	emerging mutation in sars-cov-2 spike: widening distribution over time in different geographic areas
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f28bd3c059ac450caff5f601a5bad903
work_keys_str_mv	AT ysrafilysrafil emergingmutationinsarscov2spikewideningdistributionovertimeindifferentgeographicareas AT rosdianamus emergingmutationinsarscov2spikewideningdistributionovertimeindifferentgeographicareas AT noviyantyindjargama emergingmutationinsarscov2spikewideningdistributionovertimeindifferentgeographicareas AT dwirahmaisyah emergingmutationinsarscov2spikewideningdistributionovertimeindifferentgeographicareas AT riskahnuramalia emergingmutationinsarscov2spikewideningdistributionovertimeindifferentgeographicareas
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Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Widening distribution over time in different geographic areas

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