Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?

Since its declaration as a pandemic in March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 217 million people worldwide and despite mild disease in the majority of the cases, more than 4.5 million cases of COVID-19-associated death have been reported as of September 2021. The question whether recovery fro...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Gussarow, Agnes Bonifacius, Anne Cossmann, Metodi V. Stankov, Philip Mausberg, Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann, Nina Gödecke, Ulrich Kalinke, Georg M. N. Behrens, Rainer Blasczyk, Britta Eiz-Vesper
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	antiviral T cells immune protection SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity humoral immunity Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f28ea509d4ad45fe85146683f6ff58c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f28ea509d4ad45fe85146683f6ff58c42021-12-01T01:40:27ZLong-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?2296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.770381https://doaj.org/article/f28ea509d4ad45fe85146683f6ff58c42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.770381/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XSince its declaration as a pandemic in March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 217 million people worldwide and despite mild disease in the majority of the cases, more than 4.5 million cases of COVID-19-associated death have been reported as of September 2021. The question whether recovery from COVID-19 results in prevention of reinfection can be answered with a “no” since cases of reinfections have been reported. The more important question is whether during SARS-CoV-2 infection, a protective immunity is built and maintained afterwards in a way which protects from possibly severe courses of disease in case of a reinfection. A similar question arises with respect to vaccination: as of September 2021, globally, more than 5.2 billion doses of vaccines have been administered. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to study the cellular and humoral immunity toward SARS-CoV-2 in a longitudinal manner. In this study, reconvalescent COVID-19 patients have been followed up for more than 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection to characterize in detail the long-term humoral as well as cellular immunity. Both SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and antibodies could be detected for a period of more than 1 year after infection, indicating that the immune protection established during initial infection is maintained and might possibly protect from severe disease in case of reinfection or infection with novel emerging variants. Moreover, these data demonstrate the opportunity for immunotherapy of hospitalized COVID-19 patients via adoptive transfer of functional antiviral T cells isolated from reconvalescent individuals.Daniel GussarowAgnes BonifaciusAnne CossmannMetodi V. StankovPhilip MausbergSabine Tischer-ZimmermannNina GödeckeUlrich KalinkeUlrich KalinkeGeorg M. N. BehrensGeorg M. N. BehrensRainer BlasczykBritta Eiz-VesperFrontiers Media S.A.articleantiviral T cellsimmune protectionSARS-CoV-2cellular immunityhumoral immunityMedicine (General)R5-920ENFrontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antiviral T cells immune protection SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity humoral immunity Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	antiviral T cells immune protection SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity humoral immunity Medicine (General) R5-920 Daniel Gussarow Agnes Bonifacius Anne Cossmann Metodi V. Stankov Philip Mausberg Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann Nina Gödecke Ulrich Kalinke Ulrich Kalinke Georg M. N. Behrens Georg M. N. Behrens Rainer Blasczyk Britta Eiz-Vesper Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?
description	Since its declaration as a pandemic in March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 217 million people worldwide and despite mild disease in the majority of the cases, more than 4.5 million cases of COVID-19-associated death have been reported as of September 2021. The question whether recovery from COVID-19 results in prevention of reinfection can be answered with a “no” since cases of reinfections have been reported. The more important question is whether during SARS-CoV-2 infection, a protective immunity is built and maintained afterwards in a way which protects from possibly severe courses of disease in case of a reinfection. A similar question arises with respect to vaccination: as of September 2021, globally, more than 5.2 billion doses of vaccines have been administered. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to study the cellular and humoral immunity toward SARS-CoV-2 in a longitudinal manner. In this study, reconvalescent COVID-19 patients have been followed up for more than 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection to characterize in detail the long-term humoral as well as cellular immunity. Both SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and antibodies could be detected for a period of more than 1 year after infection, indicating that the immune protection established during initial infection is maintained and might possibly protect from severe disease in case of reinfection or infection with novel emerging variants. Moreover, these data demonstrate the opportunity for immunotherapy of hospitalized COVID-19 patients via adoptive transfer of functional antiviral T cells isolated from reconvalescent individuals.
format	article
author	Daniel Gussarow Agnes Bonifacius Anne Cossmann Metodi V. Stankov Philip Mausberg Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann Nina Gödecke Ulrich Kalinke Ulrich Kalinke Georg M. N. Behrens Georg M. N. Behrens Rainer Blasczyk Britta Eiz-Vesper
author_facet	Daniel Gussarow Agnes Bonifacius Anne Cossmann Metodi V. Stankov Philip Mausberg Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann Nina Gödecke Ulrich Kalinke Ulrich Kalinke Georg M. N. Behrens Georg M. N. Behrens Rainer Blasczyk Britta Eiz-Vesper
author_sort	Daniel Gussarow
title	Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?
title_short	Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?
title_full	Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?
title_fullStr	Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?
title_sort	long-lasting immunity against sars-cov-2: dream or reality?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f28ea509d4ad45fe85146683f6ff58c4
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Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?

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