Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks

Abstract Human milk (HM) composition is known to be highly variable, both between individuals and across the duration of lactation. It is less clear, however, to what extent fat, lactose and protein concentrations in HM change daily over shorter time periods in mature HM, and no studies have evaluat...

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Autores principales:	Gabriela E. Leghi, Ching T. Lai, Ardra Narayanan, Merryn J. Netting, Michael Dymock, Alethea Rea, Mary E. Wlodek, Donna T. Geddes, Beverly S. Muhlhausler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f29c69ea4ae246f3a0aaf53594ffa2c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f29c69ea4ae246f3a0aaf53594ffa2c72021-12-02T17:15:24ZDaily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks10.1038/s41598-021-89460-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f29c69ea4ae246f3a0aaf53594ffa2c72021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89460-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Human milk (HM) composition is known to be highly variable, both between individuals and across the duration of lactation. It is less clear, however, to what extent fat, lactose and protein concentrations in HM change daily over shorter time periods in mature HM, and no studies have evaluated this to date. The aim of this study was to systematically assess and compare HM macronutrient concentrations in samples collected at different times of day, from left and right breasts and daily across a 3-week period in the same woman. Fifteen lactating women (1.6–4.9 months postpartum) collected daily pre-feed HM samples from both breasts each morning for 21 consecutive days and completed intensive sampling once a week (morning, afternoon and evening samples) during this period. Concentrations of fat, protein and lactose in HM did not differ according to time of day, day of week or breast used for collection. The results of this study suggest that pre-feed samples collected at any point across a 3-week period and from either the left or right breast provide comparable measures of fat, protein and lactose concentrations in mature HM, in pragmatic studies where women are collecting their own HM samples. Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000606189).Gabriela E. LeghiChing T. LaiArdra NarayananMerryn J. NettingMichael DymockAlethea ReaMary E. WlodekDonna T. GeddesBeverly S. MuhlhauslerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gabriela E. Leghi Ching T. Lai Ardra Narayanan Merryn J. Netting Michael Dymock Alethea Rea Mary E. Wlodek Donna T. Geddes Beverly S. Muhlhausler Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks
description	Abstract Human milk (HM) composition is known to be highly variable, both between individuals and across the duration of lactation. It is less clear, however, to what extent fat, lactose and protein concentrations in HM change daily over shorter time periods in mature HM, and no studies have evaluated this to date. The aim of this study was to systematically assess and compare HM macronutrient concentrations in samples collected at different times of day, from left and right breasts and daily across a 3-week period in the same woman. Fifteen lactating women (1.6–4.9 months postpartum) collected daily pre-feed HM samples from both breasts each morning for 21 consecutive days and completed intensive sampling once a week (morning, afternoon and evening samples) during this period. Concentrations of fat, protein and lactose in HM did not differ according to time of day, day of week or breast used for collection. The results of this study suggest that pre-feed samples collected at any point across a 3-week period and from either the left or right breast provide comparable measures of fat, protein and lactose concentrations in mature HM, in pragmatic studies where women are collecting their own HM samples. Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000606189).
format	article
author	Gabriela E. Leghi Ching T. Lai Ardra Narayanan Merryn J. Netting Michael Dymock Alethea Rea Mary E. Wlodek Donna T. Geddes Beverly S. Muhlhausler
author_facet	Gabriela E. Leghi Ching T. Lai Ardra Narayanan Merryn J. Netting Michael Dymock Alethea Rea Mary E. Wlodek Donna T. Geddes Beverly S. Muhlhausler
author_sort	Gabriela E. Leghi
title	Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks
title_short	Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks
title_full	Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks
title_fullStr	Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks
title_full_unstemmed	Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks
title_sort	daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f29c69ea4ae246f3a0aaf53594ffa2c7
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Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks

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