Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields

Abstract Although many theoretical and experimental studies on convective heat transfer exist, the consistent analytical expression of advection heat flux vector in convection as well as its reference temperature in the thermal driving force remains unclear. Here we show theoretically and experiment...

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Autor principal:	Bo Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f2a9c1f1bea7485bbd9e2297b0c920a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f2a9c1f1bea7485bbd9e2297b0c920a12021-12-02T15:10:34ZDerivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields10.1038/s41598-021-95810-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f2a9c1f1bea7485bbd9e2297b0c920a12021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95810-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although many theoretical and experimental studies on convective heat transfer exist, the consistent analytical expression of advection heat flux vector in convection as well as its reference temperature in the thermal driving force remains unclear. Here we show theoretically and experimentally the unifying formulae for three-dimensional (3D) heat flux vector of forced and natural convections for compressible laminar flows based on the first law of thermodynamics. It is indicated for a single-phase compressible fluid that advection is no other than heat transfer owing to mass flow in the forms of enthalpy and mechanical energy by gross fluid movement, driven by the temperature difference between the fluid temperature and the potential temperature associated with the relevant adiabatic work done. A simple formula for the total convective heat flux vector of natural convection is also suggested and reformulated in terms of logarithmic density difference as the thermal driving force. The theoretical calculations agree well with the laminar flow experiment results. Our discovery of advection heat transfer for compressible flows caused by the temperature differential in which the potential temperature is regarded as the unifying reference temperature represents a previously unknown thermal driving mechanism. This work would bring fundamental insights into the physical mechanism of convective heat transfer, and opens up new avenue for the design, calculation and thermal management of the 3D convection heat flux problems using the novel thermal driving force for compressible laminar and turbulent flows.Bo ZhaoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bo Zhao Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields
description	Abstract Although many theoretical and experimental studies on convective heat transfer exist, the consistent analytical expression of advection heat flux vector in convection as well as its reference temperature in the thermal driving force remains unclear. Here we show theoretically and experimentally the unifying formulae for three-dimensional (3D) heat flux vector of forced and natural convections for compressible laminar flows based on the first law of thermodynamics. It is indicated for a single-phase compressible fluid that advection is no other than heat transfer owing to mass flow in the forms of enthalpy and mechanical energy by gross fluid movement, driven by the temperature difference between the fluid temperature and the potential temperature associated with the relevant adiabatic work done. A simple formula for the total convective heat flux vector of natural convection is also suggested and reformulated in terms of logarithmic density difference as the thermal driving force. The theoretical calculations agree well with the laminar flow experiment results. Our discovery of advection heat transfer for compressible flows caused by the temperature differential in which the potential temperature is regarded as the unifying reference temperature represents a previously unknown thermal driving mechanism. This work would bring fundamental insights into the physical mechanism of convective heat transfer, and opens up new avenue for the design, calculation and thermal management of the 3D convection heat flux problems using the novel thermal driving force for compressible laminar and turbulent flows.
format	article
author	Bo Zhao
author_facet	Bo Zhao
author_sort	Bo Zhao
title	Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields
title_short	Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields
title_full	Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields
title_fullStr	Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields
title_full_unstemmed	Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields
title_sort	derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f2a9c1f1bea7485bbd9e2297b0c920a1
work_keys_str_mv	AT bozhao derivationofunifyingformulaeforconvectiveheattransferincompressibleflowfields
_version_	1718387729192976384

Derivation of unifying formulae for convective heat transfer in compressible flow fields

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