Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil

In-situ rehabilitation of fly ash at dumping sites has rarely been addressed for crop production due to growth-related constraints, largely of heavy metal (HM) contamination in soils and crops. Current communication deals with a novel approach to identify a suitable management option for rejuvenatin...

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Autores principales:	Joy Kumar Mandal, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Niharendu Saha, Nibedan Halder, Tufleuddin Biswas, Sanjoy Chakraborty, Sabry Hassan, Mohamed M. Hassan, Ali A. Abo-Shosha, Akbar Hossain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ameliorants metal bioavailability environmental risk biological indicator Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f2c4f5a3ba6b44b49ae6380fb429f7cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f2c4f5a3ba6b44b49ae6380fb429f7cd2021-11-25T18:29:13ZAssessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil10.3390/molecules262270191420-3049https://doaj.org/article/f2c4f5a3ba6b44b49ae6380fb429f7cd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7019https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049In-situ rehabilitation of fly ash at dumping sites has rarely been addressed for crop production due to growth-related constraints, largely of heavy metal (HM) contamination in soils and crops. Current communication deals with a novel approach to identify a suitable management option for rejuvenating the contaminated soils. In this background, a 60-days incubation experiment was conducted with different fly ash-soil mixtures (50 + 50%, A1; 75 + 25%, A2; 100 + 0%, A3) along with four ameliorants, namely, lime (T1), sodium sulphide (T2), di-ammonium phosphate (T3), and humic acid (T4) at 30 ± 2 °C to assess the ability of different fly ash-soil-ameliorant mixtures in reducing bio-availability of HMs. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable bio-available HM contents for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) and their respective ratios to total HM contents under the influence of different treatments were estimated at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of incubation. Further, the eco-toxicological impact of different treatments on soil microbial properties was studied after 60 days of experimentation. A1T1 significantly recorded the lowest bio-availability of HMs (~49–233% lower) followed by A2T1 (~35–133%) among the treatments. The principal component analysis also confirmed the superiority of A1T1 and A2T1 in this regard. Further, A1T1 achieved low contamination factor and ecological risk with substantial microbial biomass carbon load and dehydrogenase activity. Thus, liming to fly ash-soil mixture at 50:50 may be considered as the best management option for ameliorating metal toxicity. This technology may guide thermal power plants to provide the necessary package of practices for the stakeholders to revive their contaminated lands for better environmental sustainability.Joy Kumar MandalSiddhartha MukherjeeNiharendu SahaNibedan HalderTufleuddin BiswasSanjoy ChakrabortySabry HassanMohamed M. HassanAli A. Abo-ShoshaAkbar HossainMDPI AGarticleameliorantsmetal bioavailabilityenvironmental riskbiological indicatorOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 7019, p 7019 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ameliorants metal bioavailability environmental risk biological indicator Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	ameliorants metal bioavailability environmental risk biological indicator Organic chemistry QD241-441 Joy Kumar Mandal Siddhartha Mukherjee Niharendu Saha Nibedan Halder Tufleuddin Biswas Sanjoy Chakraborty Sabry Hassan Mohamed M. Hassan Ali A. Abo-Shosha Akbar Hossain Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil
description	In-situ rehabilitation of fly ash at dumping sites has rarely been addressed for crop production due to growth-related constraints, largely of heavy metal (HM) contamination in soils and crops. Current communication deals with a novel approach to identify a suitable management option for rejuvenating the contaminated soils. In this background, a 60-days incubation experiment was conducted with different fly ash-soil mixtures (50 + 50%, A1; 75 + 25%, A2; 100 + 0%, A3) along with four ameliorants, namely, lime (T1), sodium sulphide (T2), di-ammonium phosphate (T3), and humic acid (T4) at 30 ± 2 °C to assess the ability of different fly ash-soil-ameliorant mixtures in reducing bio-availability of HMs. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable bio-available HM contents for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) and their respective ratios to total HM contents under the influence of different treatments were estimated at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of incubation. Further, the eco-toxicological impact of different treatments on soil microbial properties was studied after 60 days of experimentation. A1T1 significantly recorded the lowest bio-availability of HMs (~49–233% lower) followed by A2T1 (~35–133%) among the treatments. The principal component analysis also confirmed the superiority of A1T1 and A2T1 in this regard. Further, A1T1 achieved low contamination factor and ecological risk with substantial microbial biomass carbon load and dehydrogenase activity. Thus, liming to fly ash-soil mixture at 50:50 may be considered as the best management option for ameliorating metal toxicity. This technology may guide thermal power plants to provide the necessary package of practices for the stakeholders to revive their contaminated lands for better environmental sustainability.
format	article
author	Joy Kumar Mandal Siddhartha Mukherjee Niharendu Saha Nibedan Halder Tufleuddin Biswas Sanjoy Chakraborty Sabry Hassan Mohamed M. Hassan Ali A. Abo-Shosha Akbar Hossain
author_facet	Joy Kumar Mandal Siddhartha Mukherjee Niharendu Saha Nibedan Halder Tufleuddin Biswas Sanjoy Chakraborty Sabry Hassan Mohamed M. Hassan Ali A. Abo-Shosha Akbar Hossain
author_sort	Joy Kumar Mandal
title	Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil
title_short	Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil
title_full	Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil
title_fullStr	Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil
title_sort	assessing the capability of chemical ameliorants to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in bulk fly ash contaminated soil
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f2c4f5a3ba6b44b49ae6380fb429f7cd
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Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil

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