Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change

The effects of current and future global warming on the distribution and activity of the primary ixodid vectors of human babesiosis (caused by Babesia divergens, B. venatorum and B. microti) are discussed. There is clear evidence that the dist...

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Autores principales:	Jeremy S. Gray, Nicholas H. Ogden
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> <i>Babesia microti</i> <i>Babesia divergens</i> climate global warming Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f2c6dabf6651442c9760edcac1740992
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f2c6dabf6651442c9760edcac17409922021-11-25T18:38:12ZTicks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change10.3390/pathogens101114302076-0817https://doaj.org/article/f2c6dabf6651442c9760edcac17409922021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1430https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817The effects of current and future global warming on the distribution and activity of the primary ixodid vectors of human babesiosis (caused by <i>Babesia divergens</i>, <i>B. venatorum</i> and <i>B. microti</i>) are discussed. There is clear evidence that the distributions of both <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, the vector in Europe, and <i>I. scapularis</i> in North America have been impacted by the changing climate, with increasing temperatures resulting in the northwards expansion of tick populations and the occurrence of <i>I. ricinus</i> at higher altitudes. <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i>, which replaces <i>I. ricinus</i> in Eurasia and temperate Asia, is presumed to be the babesiosis vector in China and Japan, but this tick species has not yet been confirmed as the vector of either human or animal babesiosis. There is no definite evidence, as yet, of global warming having an effect on the occurrence of human babesiosis, but models suggest that it is only a matter of time before cases occur further north than they do at present.Jeremy S. GrayNicholas H. OgdenMDPI AGarticle<i>Ixodes ricinus</i><i>Ixodes scapularis</i><i>Babesia microti</i><i>Babesia divergens</i>climateglobal warmingMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1430, p 1430 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> <i>Babesia microti</i> <i>Babesia divergens</i> climate global warming Medicine R
spellingShingle	<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> <i>Babesia microti</i> <i>Babesia divergens</i> climate global warming Medicine R Jeremy S. Gray Nicholas H. Ogden Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change
description	The effects of current and future global warming on the distribution and activity of the primary ixodid vectors of human babesiosis (caused by <i>Babesia divergens</i>, <i>B. venatorum</i> and <i>B. microti</i>) are discussed. There is clear evidence that the distributions of both <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, the vector in Europe, and <i>I. scapularis</i> in North America have been impacted by the changing climate, with increasing temperatures resulting in the northwards expansion of tick populations and the occurrence of <i>I. ricinus</i> at higher altitudes. <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i>, which replaces <i>I. ricinus</i> in Eurasia and temperate Asia, is presumed to be the babesiosis vector in China and Japan, but this tick species has not yet been confirmed as the vector of either human or animal babesiosis. There is no definite evidence, as yet, of global warming having an effect on the occurrence of human babesiosis, but models suggest that it is only a matter of time before cases occur further north than they do at present.
format	article
author	Jeremy S. Gray Nicholas H. Ogden
author_facet	Jeremy S. Gray Nicholas H. Ogden
author_sort	Jeremy S. Gray
title	Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change
title_short	Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change
title_full	Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change
title_fullStr	Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change
title_full_unstemmed	Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change
title_sort	ticks, human babesiosis and climate change
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f2c6dabf6651442c9760edcac1740992
work_keys_str_mv	AT jeremysgray tickshumanbabesiosisandclimatechange AT nicholashogden tickshumanbabesiosisandclimatechange
_version_	1718410928844701696

Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change

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