Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings

Abstract To the best of our knowledge, the genetic foundations that guide human brain development have not changed fundamentally during the past 50,000 years. However, because of their cognitive potential, humans have changed the world tremendously in the past centuries. They have invented technical...

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Autor principal:	Elsbeth Stern
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f2cfd020ab0f4683a8b3b6d43e60f7a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f2cfd020ab0f4683a8b3b6d43e60f7a12021-12-02T16:19:40ZIndividual differences in the learning potential of human beings10.1038/s41539-016-0003-02056-7936https://doaj.org/article/f2cfd020ab0f4683a8b3b6d43e60f7a12017-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-016-0003-0https://doaj.org/toc/2056-7936Abstract To the best of our knowledge, the genetic foundations that guide human brain development have not changed fundamentally during the past 50,000 years. However, because of their cognitive potential, humans have changed the world tremendously in the past centuries. They have invented technical devices, institutions that regulate cooperation and competition, and symbol systems, such as script and mathematics, that serve as reasoning tools. The exceptional learning ability of humans allows newborns to adapt to the world they are born into; however, there are tremendous individual differences in learning ability among humans that become obvious in school at the latest. Cognitive psychology has developed models of memory and information processing that attempt to explain how humans learn (general perspective), while the variation among individuals (differential perspective) has been the focus of psychometric intelligence research. Although both lines of research have been proceeding independently, they increasingly converge, as both investigate the concepts of working memory and knowledge construction. This review begins with presenting state-of-the-art research on human information processing and its potential in academic learning. Then, a brief overview of the history of psychometric intelligence research is combined with presenting recent work on the role of intelligence in modern societies and on the nature-nurture debate. Finally, promising approaches to integrating the general and differential perspective will be discussed in the conclusion of this review.Elsbeth SternNature PortfolioarticleSpecial aspects of educationLC8-6691Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENnpj Science of Learning, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Elsbeth Stern Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings
description	Abstract To the best of our knowledge, the genetic foundations that guide human brain development have not changed fundamentally during the past 50,000 years. However, because of their cognitive potential, humans have changed the world tremendously in the past centuries. They have invented technical devices, institutions that regulate cooperation and competition, and symbol systems, such as script and mathematics, that serve as reasoning tools. The exceptional learning ability of humans allows newborns to adapt to the world they are born into; however, there are tremendous individual differences in learning ability among humans that become obvious in school at the latest. Cognitive psychology has developed models of memory and information processing that attempt to explain how humans learn (general perspective), while the variation among individuals (differential perspective) has been the focus of psychometric intelligence research. Although both lines of research have been proceeding independently, they increasingly converge, as both investigate the concepts of working memory and knowledge construction. This review begins with presenting state-of-the-art research on human information processing and its potential in academic learning. Then, a brief overview of the history of psychometric intelligence research is combined with presenting recent work on the role of intelligence in modern societies and on the nature-nurture debate. Finally, promising approaches to integrating the general and differential perspective will be discussed in the conclusion of this review.
format	article
author	Elsbeth Stern
author_facet	Elsbeth Stern
author_sort	Elsbeth Stern
title	Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings
title_short	Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings
title_full	Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings
title_fullStr	Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings
title_full_unstemmed	Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings
title_sort	individual differences in the learning potential of human beings
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/f2cfd020ab0f4683a8b3b6d43e60f7a1
work_keys_str_mv	AT elsbethstern individualdifferencesinthelearningpotentialofhumanbeings
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Individual differences in the learning potential of human beings

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