The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types

African swine fever (ASF) has become a global threat to the pig industry and wild suids. Within Europe, including Germany, affected wild boar populations play a major role. Fencing and carcass removal in combination with the reduction in environmental contamination are key to control further spread....

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Autores principales:	Franziska Tanneberger, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, Melina Fischer, Sandra Blome, Uwe Truyen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	African swine fever virus modified vaccinia Ankara virus soil disinfectant Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f2e3720a1b654ef1b44620ded0e2ba21
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f2e3720a1b654ef1b44620ded0e2ba212021-11-25T19:13:02ZThe Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types10.3390/v131121731999-4915https://doaj.org/article/f2e3720a1b654ef1b44620ded0e2ba212021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2173https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915African swine fever (ASF) has become a global threat to the pig industry and wild suids. Within Europe, including Germany, affected wild boar populations play a major role. Fencing and carcass removal in combination with the reduction in environmental contamination are key to control further spread. The handling of the ASF virus (ASFV) is restricted to high-containment conditions in Germany. According to the regulation of the German Veterinarian Society (DVG), modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVAV) is the virus of choice to determine the efficacy of disinfection for enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to use the MVAV as a guide to select the best possible disinfectant solution and concentration for the inactivation of ASFV in soil. Both viruses were tested simultaneously. In this study, two layers (top and mineral soil) of soil types from six different locations in Saxony, Germany, were collected. The tenacity of ASFV and MVAV were tested at various time points (0.5 to 72 h). The capabilities of different concentrations of peracetic acid and citric acid (approx. 0.1 to 2%) to inactivate the viruses in the selected soil types with spiked high protein load were examined under appropriate containment conditions. Around 2–3 Log<sub>10</sub> (TCID<sub>50</sub>) levels of reduction in the infectivity of both ASFV and MVAV were observed in all soil types starting after two hours. For MVAV, a 4 Log<sub>10</sub> loss was recorded after 72 h. A total of 0.1% of peracetic acid (5 L/m<sup>2</sup>) was sufficient to inactivate the viruses. A 4 log<sub>10</sub> reduction in the infectivity of MVAV was noticed by applying 1% citric acid, while a 2 log<sub>10</sub> decline was recorded with ASFV. In conclusion, comparing MVAV to ASFV for efficacy screening of disinfectant solutions has revealed many similarities. Peracetic acid reduced the infectivity of both viruses independently of the soil type and the existence of a high organic soiling.Franziska TannebergerAhmed Abd El WahedMelina FischerSandra BlomeUwe TruyenMDPI AGarticleAfrican swine fever virusmodified vaccinia Ankara virussoildisinfectantMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2173, p 2173 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	African swine fever virus modified vaccinia Ankara virus soil disinfectant Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	African swine fever virus modified vaccinia Ankara virus soil disinfectant Microbiology QR1-502 Franziska Tanneberger Ahmed Abd El Wahed Melina Fischer Sandra Blome Uwe Truyen The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types
description	African swine fever (ASF) has become a global threat to the pig industry and wild suids. Within Europe, including Germany, affected wild boar populations play a major role. Fencing and carcass removal in combination with the reduction in environmental contamination are key to control further spread. The handling of the ASF virus (ASFV) is restricted to high-containment conditions in Germany. According to the regulation of the German Veterinarian Society (DVG), modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVAV) is the virus of choice to determine the efficacy of disinfection for enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to use the MVAV as a guide to select the best possible disinfectant solution and concentration for the inactivation of ASFV in soil. Both viruses were tested simultaneously. In this study, two layers (top and mineral soil) of soil types from six different locations in Saxony, Germany, were collected. The tenacity of ASFV and MVAV were tested at various time points (0.5 to 72 h). The capabilities of different concentrations of peracetic acid and citric acid (approx. 0.1 to 2%) to inactivate the viruses in the selected soil types with spiked high protein load were examined under appropriate containment conditions. Around 2–3 Log<sub>10</sub> (TCID<sub>50</sub>) levels of reduction in the infectivity of both ASFV and MVAV were observed in all soil types starting after two hours. For MVAV, a 4 Log<sub>10</sub> loss was recorded after 72 h. A total of 0.1% of peracetic acid (5 L/m<sup>2</sup>) was sufficient to inactivate the viruses. A 4 log<sub>10</sub> reduction in the infectivity of MVAV was noticed by applying 1% citric acid, while a 2 log<sub>10</sub> decline was recorded with ASFV. In conclusion, comparing MVAV to ASFV for efficacy screening of disinfectant solutions has revealed many similarities. Peracetic acid reduced the infectivity of both viruses independently of the soil type and the existence of a high organic soiling.
format	article
author	Franziska Tanneberger Ahmed Abd El Wahed Melina Fischer Sandra Blome Uwe Truyen
author_facet	Franziska Tanneberger Ahmed Abd El Wahed Melina Fischer Sandra Blome Uwe Truyen
author_sort	Franziska Tanneberger
title	The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types
title_short	The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types
title_full	The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types
title_fullStr	The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types
title_full_unstemmed	The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types
title_sort	efficacy of disinfection on modified vaccinia ankara and african swine fever virus in various forest soil types
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f2e3720a1b654ef1b44620ded0e2ba21
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The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types

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