NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status

Abstract Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a risk factor of collapse and sudden death in athletes. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine the hematological responses and hydration status in NCAA Division I American football players with SCT. The study took place over 2 years with 6 SCT and 6 positi...

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Autores principales:	Haoyan Wang, Matt Martone, Michael E. Owens, Nathan P. Lemoine, Jack Marucci, Derek Calvert, Shelly Mullenix, Timothy S. Church, Jennifer Rood, Brian Harrell, Brian A. Irving, Guillaume Spielmann, Neil M. Johannsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f309ceb0ebbf442a8263526bbf9ccedf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f309ceb0ebbf442a8263526bbf9ccedf2021-12-02T13:48:53ZNCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status10.1038/s41598-021-81473-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f309ceb0ebbf442a8263526bbf9ccedf2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81473-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a risk factor of collapse and sudden death in athletes. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine the hematological responses and hydration status in NCAA Division I American football players with SCT. The study took place over 2 years with 6 SCT and 6 position-matched controls (CON) in year 1; and 4 SCT and 4 CON in year 2. In year 2, three of the four SCT players were recruited and re-enrolled with new position-matched controls (total sample data = 10 SCT and 10 CON). Blood samples were taken at three visits: pre-camp, post-camp, and post-season to examine hemoglobin variants, complete blood counts, and chemistry panel 26. Hydration status was assessed by measuring body weight change, urine specific gravity, and urine and sweat electrolyte concentrations during the pre-season training camp. All SCT players were confirmed to have SCT (HbS = 37.9 ± 2.4%) and had greater red cell distribution width (RDW) compared to CON across all visits. Serum uric acid was higher in SCT (7.3 ± 1.0 mg/dL) compared to CON (6.1 ± 0.6 mg/dL; p = 0.001). Furthermore, serum creatine kinase levels were greater in SCT (1617.0 ± 1034.8 IU/L) at pre-camp compared to CON (1037.4 ± 602.8 IU/L; p = 0.03). SCT players exhibited lower pre- and post-practice urine electrolytes and urine specific gravity (SCT pre: 1.019 ± 0.005 vs. CON pre: 1.026 ± 0.008 p < 0.001; SCT post: 1.020 ± 0.005 vs. CON post: 1.030 ± 0.008 p < 0.01), whereas sweat sodium concentrations were higher in SCT players (55.4 ± 13.6 mmol/L) compared to CON (45.5 ± 10.6 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Given the evidence, greater uric acid and CPK levels in SCT players compared to CON may be an early indicator of altered kidney function and muscle damage, which could be added into NCAA guidelines for surveillance among SCT players. Consistent education and reinforcement of the importance of adequate fluid balance during exercise are critical for both SCT and CON players.Haoyan WangMatt MartoneMichael E. OwensNathan P. LemoineJack MarucciDerek CalvertShelly MullenixTimothy S. ChurchJennifer RoodBrian HarrellBrian A. IrvingGuillaume SpielmannNeil M. JohannsenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Haoyan Wang Matt Martone Michael E. Owens Nathan P. Lemoine Jack Marucci Derek Calvert Shelly Mullenix Timothy S. Church Jennifer Rood Brian Harrell Brian A. Irving Guillaume Spielmann Neil M. Johannsen NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status
description	Abstract Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a risk factor of collapse and sudden death in athletes. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine the hematological responses and hydration status in NCAA Division I American football players with SCT. The study took place over 2 years with 6 SCT and 6 position-matched controls (CON) in year 1; and 4 SCT and 4 CON in year 2. In year 2, three of the four SCT players were recruited and re-enrolled with new position-matched controls (total sample data = 10 SCT and 10 CON). Blood samples were taken at three visits: pre-camp, post-camp, and post-season to examine hemoglobin variants, complete blood counts, and chemistry panel 26. Hydration status was assessed by measuring body weight change, urine specific gravity, and urine and sweat electrolyte concentrations during the pre-season training camp. All SCT players were confirmed to have SCT (HbS = 37.9 ± 2.4%) and had greater red cell distribution width (RDW) compared to CON across all visits. Serum uric acid was higher in SCT (7.3 ± 1.0 mg/dL) compared to CON (6.1 ± 0.6 mg/dL; p = 0.001). Furthermore, serum creatine kinase levels were greater in SCT (1617.0 ± 1034.8 IU/L) at pre-camp compared to CON (1037.4 ± 602.8 IU/L; p = 0.03). SCT players exhibited lower pre- and post-practice urine electrolytes and urine specific gravity (SCT pre: 1.019 ± 0.005 vs. CON pre: 1.026 ± 0.008 p < 0.001; SCT post: 1.020 ± 0.005 vs. CON post: 1.030 ± 0.008 p < 0.01), whereas sweat sodium concentrations were higher in SCT players (55.4 ± 13.6 mmol/L) compared to CON (45.5 ± 10.6 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Given the evidence, greater uric acid and CPK levels in SCT players compared to CON may be an early indicator of altered kidney function and muscle damage, which could be added into NCAA guidelines for surveillance among SCT players. Consistent education and reinforcement of the importance of adequate fluid balance during exercise are critical for both SCT and CON players.
format	article
author	Haoyan Wang Matt Martone Michael E. Owens Nathan P. Lemoine Jack Marucci Derek Calvert Shelly Mullenix Timothy S. Church Jennifer Rood Brian Harrell Brian A. Irving Guillaume Spielmann Neil M. Johannsen
author_facet	Haoyan Wang Matt Martone Michael E. Owens Nathan P. Lemoine Jack Marucci Derek Calvert Shelly Mullenix Timothy S. Church Jennifer Rood Brian Harrell Brian A. Irving Guillaume Spielmann Neil M. Johannsen
author_sort	Haoyan Wang
title	NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status
title_short	NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status
title_full	NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status
title_fullStr	NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status
title_full_unstemmed	NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status
title_sort	ncaa division i american football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f309ceb0ebbf442a8263526bbf9ccedf
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NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status

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