Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.

Body preferences are somewhat flexible and this variability may be the result of one's visual diet (whereby mere exposure to certain bodies shifts preferences), associative learning mechanisms (whereby cues to health and status within the population are internalised and affect body preferences)...

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Autores principales:	Katy Jacques, Elizabeth Evans, Lynda Boothroyd
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f31ae8fbc0554d98952053a796507a28
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f31ae8fbc0554d98952053a796507a282021-12-02T20:18:23ZExperimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255403https://doaj.org/article/f31ae8fbc0554d98952053a796507a282021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255403https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Body preferences are somewhat flexible and this variability may be the result of one's visual diet (whereby mere exposure to certain bodies shifts preferences), associative learning mechanisms (whereby cues to health and status within the population are internalised and affect body preferences), or a mixture of both visual diet and associative learning effects. We tested how these factors may drive changes in preferences for muscularity in male bodies across a male and female sample. Three studies were conducted where participants viewed manipulation images of high and/or low muscle mass males which were either aspirational (high status clothing and posture) and/or neutral (no obvious cues to status). Preferences for muscularity were recorded before and after exposure to such manipulation images to assess whether body preferences had changed following manipulation. We found evidence for both the visual diet and associative learning hypotheses. Exposure to non-muscular male bodies decreased preferences for muscular bodies irrespective of image valence. Exposure to aspirational non-muscular male bodies alongside neutral muscular male bodies also led to a decrease in muscularity preferences. Further, when manipulation conditions are less obviously skewed towards a particular body type, preferences still shifted in the direction of the most prevalent body type, suggesting that demand characteristics are unlikely to have confounded results of previous adaptation experiments with more obvious manipulations.Katy JacquesElizabeth EvansLynda BoothroydPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0255403 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Katy Jacques Elizabeth Evans Lynda Boothroyd Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.
description	Body preferences are somewhat flexible and this variability may be the result of one's visual diet (whereby mere exposure to certain bodies shifts preferences), associative learning mechanisms (whereby cues to health and status within the population are internalised and affect body preferences), or a mixture of both visual diet and associative learning effects. We tested how these factors may drive changes in preferences for muscularity in male bodies across a male and female sample. Three studies were conducted where participants viewed manipulation images of high and/or low muscle mass males which were either aspirational (high status clothing and posture) and/or neutral (no obvious cues to status). Preferences for muscularity were recorded before and after exposure to such manipulation images to assess whether body preferences had changed following manipulation. We found evidence for both the visual diet and associative learning hypotheses. Exposure to non-muscular male bodies decreased preferences for muscular bodies irrespective of image valence. Exposure to aspirational non-muscular male bodies alongside neutral muscular male bodies also led to a decrease in muscularity preferences. Further, when manipulation conditions are less obviously skewed towards a particular body type, preferences still shifted in the direction of the most prevalent body type, suggesting that demand characteristics are unlikely to have confounded results of previous adaptation experiments with more obvious manipulations.
format	article
author	Katy Jacques Elizabeth Evans Lynda Boothroyd
author_facet	Katy Jacques Elizabeth Evans Lynda Boothroyd
author_sort	Katy Jacques
title	Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.
title_short	Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.
title_full	Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.
title_fullStr	Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.
title_full_unstemmed	Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.
title_sort	experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f31ae8fbc0554d98952053a796507a28
work_keys_str_mv	AT katyjacques experimentalmanipulationofmuscularitypreferencesthroughvisualdietandassociativelearning AT elizabethevans experimentalmanipulationofmuscularitypreferencesthroughvisualdietandassociativelearning AT lyndaboothroyd experimentalmanipulationofmuscularitypreferencesthroughvisualdietandassociativelearning
_version_	1718374321169104896

Experimental manipulation of muscularity preferences through visual diet and associative learning.

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