Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.

Otitis media (OM) is a polymicrobial disease wherein prior or concurrent infection with an upper respiratory tract virus plays an essential role, predisposing the middle ear to bacterial invasion. In episodes of acute bacterial OM, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most commonly isolated viru...

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Autores principales:	M Elizabeth Brockson, Laura A Novotny, Joseph A Jurcisek, Glen McGillivary, Martha R Bowers, Lauren O Bakaletz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f322aae5b8e94da382b40f747ac62d45
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f322aae5b8e94da382b40f747ac62d452021-11-18T07:13:42ZRespiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0040088https://doaj.org/article/f322aae5b8e94da382b40f747ac62d452012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22768228/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Otitis media (OM) is a polymicrobial disease wherein prior or concurrent infection with an upper respiratory tract virus plays an essential role, predisposing the middle ear to bacterial invasion. In episodes of acute bacterial OM, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most commonly isolated virus and thus serves as an important co-pathogen. Of the predominant bacterial agents of OM, the pathogenesis of disease due to Moraxella catarrhalis is the least well understood. Rigorous study of M. catarrhalis in the context of OM has been significantly hindered by lack of an animal model. To bridge this gap, we assessed whether co-infection of chinchillas with M. catarrhalis and RSV would facilitate ascension of M. catarrhalis from the nasopharynx into the middle ear. Chinchillas were challenged intranasally with M. catarrhalis followed 48 hours later by intranasal challenge with RSV. Within 7 days, 100% of nasopharynges were colonized with M. catarrhalis and homogenates of middle ear mucosa were also culture-positive. Moreover, within the middle ear space, the mucosa exhibited hemorrhagic foci, and a small volume of serosanguinous effusion was present in one of six ears. To improve upon this model, and based on epidemiologic data, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) was included as an additional bacterial co-pathogen via intranasal administration four days before M. catarrhalis challenge. With this latter protocol, M. catarrhalis was cultured from the nasopharynx and middle ear homogenates of a maximum of 88% and 79% animals, respectively, for up to 17 days after intranasal challenge with M. catarrhalis. Additionally, hemorrhagic foci were observed in 79% of middle ears upon sacrifice. Thus, these data demonstrated that co-infection with RSV and NTHI predisposed to M. catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental OM. This model can be used both in studies of pathogenesis as well as to investigate strategies to prevent or treat OM due to M. catarrhalis.M Elizabeth BrocksonLaura A NovotnyJoseph A JurcisekGlen McGillivaryMartha R BowersLauren O BakaletzPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 6, p e40088 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q M Elizabeth Brockson Laura A Novotny Joseph A Jurcisek Glen McGillivary Martha R Bowers Lauren O Bakaletz Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.
description	Otitis media (OM) is a polymicrobial disease wherein prior or concurrent infection with an upper respiratory tract virus plays an essential role, predisposing the middle ear to bacterial invasion. In episodes of acute bacterial OM, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most commonly isolated virus and thus serves as an important co-pathogen. Of the predominant bacterial agents of OM, the pathogenesis of disease due to Moraxella catarrhalis is the least well understood. Rigorous study of M. catarrhalis in the context of OM has been significantly hindered by lack of an animal model. To bridge this gap, we assessed whether co-infection of chinchillas with M. catarrhalis and RSV would facilitate ascension of M. catarrhalis from the nasopharynx into the middle ear. Chinchillas were challenged intranasally with M. catarrhalis followed 48 hours later by intranasal challenge with RSV. Within 7 days, 100% of nasopharynges were colonized with M. catarrhalis and homogenates of middle ear mucosa were also culture-positive. Moreover, within the middle ear space, the mucosa exhibited hemorrhagic foci, and a small volume of serosanguinous effusion was present in one of six ears. To improve upon this model, and based on epidemiologic data, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) was included as an additional bacterial co-pathogen via intranasal administration four days before M. catarrhalis challenge. With this latter protocol, M. catarrhalis was cultured from the nasopharynx and middle ear homogenates of a maximum of 88% and 79% animals, respectively, for up to 17 days after intranasal challenge with M. catarrhalis. Additionally, hemorrhagic foci were observed in 79% of middle ears upon sacrifice. Thus, these data demonstrated that co-infection with RSV and NTHI predisposed to M. catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental OM. This model can be used both in studies of pathogenesis as well as to investigate strategies to prevent or treat OM due to M. catarrhalis.
format	article
author	M Elizabeth Brockson Laura A Novotny Joseph A Jurcisek Glen McGillivary Martha R Bowers Lauren O Bakaletz
author_facet	M Elizabeth Brockson Laura A Novotny Joseph A Jurcisek Glen McGillivary Martha R Bowers Lauren O Bakaletz
author_sort	M Elizabeth Brockson
title	Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.
title_short	Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.
title_full	Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.
title_fullStr	Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.
title_full_unstemmed	Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.
title_sort	respiratory syncytial virus promotes moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/f322aae5b8e94da382b40f747ac62d45
work_keys_str_mv	AT melizabethbrockson respiratorysyncytialviruspromotesmoraxellacatarrhalisinducedascendingexperimentalotitismedia AT lauraanovotny respiratorysyncytialviruspromotesmoraxellacatarrhalisinducedascendingexperimentalotitismedia AT josephajurcisek respiratorysyncytialviruspromotesmoraxellacatarrhalisinducedascendingexperimentalotitismedia AT glenmcgillivary respiratorysyncytialviruspromotesmoraxellacatarrhalisinducedascendingexperimentalotitismedia AT martharbowers respiratorysyncytialviruspromotesmoraxellacatarrhalisinducedascendingexperimentalotitismedia AT laurenobakaletz respiratorysyncytialviruspromotesmoraxellacatarrhalisinducedascendingexperimentalotitismedia
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Respiratory syncytial virus promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media.

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