On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.

The origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue, studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P. falci...

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Autores principales:	Sabrina Krief, Ananias A Escalante, M Andreina Pacheco, Lawrence Mugisha, Claudine André, Michel Halbwax, Anne Fischer, Jean-Michel Krief, John M Kasenene, Mike Crandfield, Omar E Cornejo, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Clara Lin, Franck Letourneur, Anne Charlotte Grüner, Thomas F McCutchan, Laurent Rénia, Georges Snounou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f323f494f60f492f91c8dc3fcbf2efc9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f323f494f60f492f91c8dc3fcbf2efc92021-11-25T05:48:18ZOn the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000765https://doaj.org/article/f323f494f60f492f91c8dc3fcbf2efc92010-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20169187/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374The origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue, studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P. falciparum, P. reichenowi, for which a single isolate was available until very recently. Using PCR amplification, we detected Plasmodium parasites in blood samples from 18 of 91 individuals of the genus Pan, including six chimpanzees (three Pan troglodytes troglodytes, three Pan t. schweinfurthii) and twelve bonobos (Pan paniscus). We obtained sequences of the parasites' mitochondrial genomes and/or from two nuclear genes from 14 samples. In addition to P. reichenowi, three other hitherto unknown lineages were found in the chimpanzees. One is related to P. vivax and two to P. falciparum that are likely to belong to distinct species. In the bonobos we found P. falciparum parasites whose mitochondrial genomes indicated that they were distinct from those present in humans, and another parasite lineage related to P. malariae. Phylogenetic analyses based on this diverse set of Plasmodium parasites in African Apes shed new light on the evolutionary history of P. falciparum. The data suggested that P. falciparum did not originate from P. reichenowi of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), but rather evolved in bonobos (Pan paniscus), from which it subsequently colonized humans by a host-switch. Finally, our data and that of others indicated that chimpanzees and bonobos maintain malaria parasites, to which humans are susceptible, a factor of some relevance to the renewed efforts to eradicate malaria.Sabrina KriefAnanias A EscalanteM Andreina PachecoLawrence MugishaClaudine AndréMichel HalbwaxAnne FischerJean-Michel KriefJohn M KaseneneMike CrandfieldOmar E CornejoJean-Marc ChavatteClara LinFranck LetourneurAnne Charlotte GrünerThomas F McCutchanLaurent RéniaGeorges SnounouPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 6, Iss 2, p e1000765 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Sabrina Krief Ananias A Escalante M Andreina Pacheco Lawrence Mugisha Claudine André Michel Halbwax Anne Fischer Jean-Michel Krief John M Kasenene Mike Crandfield Omar E Cornejo Jean-Marc Chavatte Clara Lin Franck Letourneur Anne Charlotte Grüner Thomas F McCutchan Laurent Rénia Georges Snounou On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.
description	The origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue, studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P. falciparum, P. reichenowi, for which a single isolate was available until very recently. Using PCR amplification, we detected Plasmodium parasites in blood samples from 18 of 91 individuals of the genus Pan, including six chimpanzees (three Pan troglodytes troglodytes, three Pan t. schweinfurthii) and twelve bonobos (Pan paniscus). We obtained sequences of the parasites' mitochondrial genomes and/or from two nuclear genes from 14 samples. In addition to P. reichenowi, three other hitherto unknown lineages were found in the chimpanzees. One is related to P. vivax and two to P. falciparum that are likely to belong to distinct species. In the bonobos we found P. falciparum parasites whose mitochondrial genomes indicated that they were distinct from those present in humans, and another parasite lineage related to P. malariae. Phylogenetic analyses based on this diverse set of Plasmodium parasites in African Apes shed new light on the evolutionary history of P. falciparum. The data suggested that P. falciparum did not originate from P. reichenowi of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), but rather evolved in bonobos (Pan paniscus), from which it subsequently colonized humans by a host-switch. Finally, our data and that of others indicated that chimpanzees and bonobos maintain malaria parasites, to which humans are susceptible, a factor of some relevance to the renewed efforts to eradicate malaria.
format	article
author	Sabrina Krief Ananias A Escalante M Andreina Pacheco Lawrence Mugisha Claudine André Michel Halbwax Anne Fischer Jean-Michel Krief John M Kasenene Mike Crandfield Omar E Cornejo Jean-Marc Chavatte Clara Lin Franck Letourneur Anne Charlotte Grüner Thomas F McCutchan Laurent Rénia Georges Snounou
author_facet	Sabrina Krief Ananias A Escalante M Andreina Pacheco Lawrence Mugisha Claudine André Michel Halbwax Anne Fischer Jean-Michel Krief John M Kasenene Mike Crandfield Omar E Cornejo Jean-Marc Chavatte Clara Lin Franck Letourneur Anne Charlotte Grüner Thomas F McCutchan Laurent Rénia Georges Snounou
author_sort	Sabrina Krief
title	On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.
title_short	On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.
title_full	On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.
title_fullStr	On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.
title_full_unstemmed	On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.
title_sort	on the diversity of malaria parasites in african apes and the origin of plasmodium falciparum from bonobos.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/f323f494f60f492f91c8dc3fcbf2efc9
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On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos.

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