Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality

Background. Bone mineral density is widely used by clinicians for screening osteoporosis and assessing bone strength. However, its effectiveness has been reported unsatisfactory. In this study, it is demonstrated that bone organic-inorganic phase ratio is a fundamental determinant of bone material q...

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Autores principales:	Yunhua Luo, Ogheneriobororue Amromanoh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f329c013cb63476cb87568175a19c078
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f329c013cb63476cb87568175a19c0782021-11-08T02:36:24ZBone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality1754-210310.1155/2021/4928396https://doaj.org/article/f329c013cb63476cb87568175a19c0782021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4928396https://doaj.org/toc/1754-2103Background. Bone mineral density is widely used by clinicians for screening osteoporosis and assessing bone strength. However, its effectiveness has been reported unsatisfactory. In this study, it is demonstrated that bone organic-inorganic phase ratio is a fundamental determinant of bone material quality measured by stiffness, strength, and toughness. Methods and Results. Two-hundred standard bone specimens were fabricated from bovine legs, with a specialized manufacturing method that was designed to reduce the effect of bone anisotropy. Bone mechanical properties of the specimens, including Young’s modulus, yield stress, peak stress, and energy-to-failure, were measured by mechanical testing. Organic and inorganic mass contents of the specimens were then determined by bone ashing. Bone density and organic-inorganic phase ratio in the specimens were calculated. Statistical methods were applied to study relationships between the measured mechanical properties and the organic-inorganic phase ratios. Statistical characteristics of organic-inorganic phase ratios in the specimens with top material quality were investigated. Bone organic-inorganic phase ratio had strong Spearman correlation with bone material properties. Bone specimens that had the highest material quality had a very narrow scope of organic-inorganic phase ratio, which could be considered as the “optimal” ratio among the tested specimens. Conclusion. Bone organic-inorganic phase ratio is a fundamental determinant of bone material quality. There may exist an “optimal” ratio for the bone to achieve top material quality. Deviation from the “optimal” ratio is probably the fundamental cause of various bone diseases. This study suggests that bone organic-inorganic phase ratio should be considered in clinical assessment of fracture risk.Yunhua LuoOgheneriobororue AmromanohHindawi LimitedarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENApplied Bionics and Biomechanics, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Yunhua Luo Ogheneriobororue Amromanoh Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality
description	Background. Bone mineral density is widely used by clinicians for screening osteoporosis and assessing bone strength. However, its effectiveness has been reported unsatisfactory. In this study, it is demonstrated that bone organic-inorganic phase ratio is a fundamental determinant of bone material quality measured by stiffness, strength, and toughness. Methods and Results. Two-hundred standard bone specimens were fabricated from bovine legs, with a specialized manufacturing method that was designed to reduce the effect of bone anisotropy. Bone mechanical properties of the specimens, including Young’s modulus, yield stress, peak stress, and energy-to-failure, were measured by mechanical testing. Organic and inorganic mass contents of the specimens were then determined by bone ashing. Bone density and organic-inorganic phase ratio in the specimens were calculated. Statistical methods were applied to study relationships between the measured mechanical properties and the organic-inorganic phase ratios. Statistical characteristics of organic-inorganic phase ratios in the specimens with top material quality were investigated. Bone organic-inorganic phase ratio had strong Spearman correlation with bone material properties. Bone specimens that had the highest material quality had a very narrow scope of organic-inorganic phase ratio, which could be considered as the “optimal” ratio among the tested specimens. Conclusion. Bone organic-inorganic phase ratio is a fundamental determinant of bone material quality. There may exist an “optimal” ratio for the bone to achieve top material quality. Deviation from the “optimal” ratio is probably the fundamental cause of various bone diseases. This study suggests that bone organic-inorganic phase ratio should be considered in clinical assessment of fracture risk.
format	article
author	Yunhua Luo Ogheneriobororue Amromanoh
author_facet	Yunhua Luo Ogheneriobororue Amromanoh
author_sort	Yunhua Luo
title	Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality
title_short	Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality
title_full	Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality
title_fullStr	Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality
title_full_unstemmed	Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality
title_sort	bone organic-inorganic phase ratio is a fundamental determinant of bone material quality
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f329c013cb63476cb87568175a19c078
work_keys_str_mv	AT yunhualuo boneorganicinorganicphaseratioisafundamentaldeterminantofbonematerialquality AT ogheneriobororueamromanoh boneorganicinorganicphaseratioisafundamentaldeterminantofbonematerialquality
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Bone Organic-Inorganic Phase Ratio Is a Fundamental Determinant of Bone Material Quality

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