Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) and the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) are distributed in rivers in the Caribbean and Amazonian region of Colombia respectively. For 30 years, genetic information has been obtained from these populations in order to inform conservation programs for...

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Autores principales:	Susana Caballero, Maria Camila Ortiz-Giral, Laura Bohorquez, Juan Diego Lozano Mojica, Dalila Caicedo-Herrera, Katherine Arévalo-González, Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Colombia Trichechus manatus Trichechus inunguis mtDNA environmental DNA population structure Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3517db272464fc084f937d22eb62081
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3517db272464fc084f937d22eb620812021-12-01T08:17:09ZMitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques1664-802110.3389/fgene.2021.726916https://doaj.org/article/f3517db272464fc084f937d22eb620812021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.726916/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) and the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) are distributed in rivers in the Caribbean and Amazonian region of Colombia respectively. For 30 years, genetic information has been obtained from these populations in order to inform conservation programs for these endangered species and decide on the location to release them back to the wild. However, in previous studies, samples from rivers in some areas of the country were not included, given the difficulties to access these regions due to either logistic or safety issues. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) sequences of from samples of T. manatus (n = 37) and T. inunguis (n = 4) (410 and 361 bp, respectively), obtained in new and previously unexplored rivers and bays in the country, including Santa Marta, Urabá Gulf, Ayapel Marsh (San Jorge River Basin), Meta River and Magdalena Medio and the low Magdalena River (Cesar Province and Canal del Dique) as well as additional samples from Puerto Nariño in the Colombian Amazon. Our results included the discovery of two newly described mtDNA CR haplotypes for T. manatus. In addition, we confirmed significant population differentiation at the mitochondrial level between the Magdalena and Sinú rivers and differentiation among areas of the same river, including the middle and low Magdalena River. This differentiation may be related to anthropic changes in the river since construction of the Canal del Dique in the XVI century. We also tested environmental DNA sampling and analyses techniques to evaluate its potential use for manatee detection and monitoring in bodies of water in Colombia, in order to evaluate new areas for future manatee conservation initiatives. We emphasize the need to continue using genetic information to provide evidence on the potential best locations to undertake animal release to prevent outbreeding depression.Susana CaballeroMaria Camila Ortiz-GiralLaura BohorquezJuan Diego Lozano MojicaDalila Caicedo-HerreraKatherine Arévalo-GonzálezKatherine Arévalo-GonzálezAntonio A. Mignucci-GiannoniAntonio A. Mignucci-GiannoniFrontiers Media S.A.articleColombiaTrichechus manatusTrichechus inunguismtDNAenvironmental DNApopulation structureGeneticsQH426-470ENFrontiers in Genetics, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Colombia Trichechus manatus Trichechus inunguis mtDNA environmental DNA population structure Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Colombia Trichechus manatus Trichechus inunguis mtDNA environmental DNA population structure Genetics QH426-470 Susana Caballero Maria Camila Ortiz-Giral Laura Bohorquez Juan Diego Lozano Mojica Dalila Caicedo-Herrera Katherine Arévalo-González Katherine Arévalo-González Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques
description	The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) and the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) are distributed in rivers in the Caribbean and Amazonian region of Colombia respectively. For 30 years, genetic information has been obtained from these populations in order to inform conservation programs for these endangered species and decide on the location to release them back to the wild. However, in previous studies, samples from rivers in some areas of the country were not included, given the difficulties to access these regions due to either logistic or safety issues. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) sequences of from samples of T. manatus (n = 37) and T. inunguis (n = 4) (410 and 361 bp, respectively), obtained in new and previously unexplored rivers and bays in the country, including Santa Marta, Urabá Gulf, Ayapel Marsh (San Jorge River Basin), Meta River and Magdalena Medio and the low Magdalena River (Cesar Province and Canal del Dique) as well as additional samples from Puerto Nariño in the Colombian Amazon. Our results included the discovery of two newly described mtDNA CR haplotypes for T. manatus. In addition, we confirmed significant population differentiation at the mitochondrial level between the Magdalena and Sinú rivers and differentiation among areas of the same river, including the middle and low Magdalena River. This differentiation may be related to anthropic changes in the river since construction of the Canal del Dique in the XVI century. We also tested environmental DNA sampling and analyses techniques to evaluate its potential use for manatee detection and monitoring in bodies of water in Colombia, in order to evaluate new areas for future manatee conservation initiatives. We emphasize the need to continue using genetic information to provide evidence on the potential best locations to undertake animal release to prevent outbreeding depression.
format	article
author	Susana Caballero Maria Camila Ortiz-Giral Laura Bohorquez Juan Diego Lozano Mojica Dalila Caicedo-Herrera Katherine Arévalo-González Katherine Arévalo-González Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni
author_facet	Susana Caballero Maria Camila Ortiz-Giral Laura Bohorquez Juan Diego Lozano Mojica Dalila Caicedo-Herrera Katherine Arévalo-González Katherine Arévalo-González Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni
author_sort	Susana Caballero
title	Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques
title_short	Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques
title_full	Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques
title_fullStr	Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques
title_full_unstemmed	Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques
title_sort	mitochondrial genetic diversity, population structure and detection of antillean and amazonian manatees in colombia: new areas and new techniques
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3517db272464fc084f937d22eb62081
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Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Detection of Antillean and Amazonian Manatees in Colombia: New Areas and New Techniques

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