Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders

Abstract The influence of fission-fusion dynamics, i.e., temporal variation in group size and composition, on social complexity has been studied in large-brained mammals that rely on social bonds. Little is known about birds, even though some species like ravens have recently received attention for...

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Autores principales:	Matthias-Claudio Loretto, Richard Schuster, Christian Itty, Pascal Marchand, Fulvio Genero, Thomas Bugnyar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3672dfad1ce4d3e8c6e5bf05d92e10b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3672dfad1ce4d3e8c6e5bf05d92e10b2021-12-02T15:06:07ZFission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders10.1038/s41598-017-00404-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f3672dfad1ce4d3e8c6e5bf05d92e10b2017-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00404-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The influence of fission-fusion dynamics, i.e., temporal variation in group size and composition, on social complexity has been studied in large-brained mammals that rely on social bonds. Little is known about birds, even though some species like ravens have recently received attention for their socio-cognitive skills and use of social bonds. While raven breeders defend territories year-round, non-breeders roam through large areas and form groups at food sources or night roosts. We here examined the fission-fusion patterns of non-breeding ravens over years, investigating whether birds meet repeatedly either at the same or at different locations. We combined four large datasets: presence-absence observations from two study sites (Austria, Italy) and GPS-tracking of ravens across two study areas (Austria, France). As expected, we found a highly dynamic system in which individuals with long phases of temporary settlement had a high probability of meeting others. Although GPS-tagged ravens spread out over thousands of square kilometres, we found repeated associations between almost half of the possible combinations at different locations. Such a system makes repeated interactions between individuals at different sites possible and likely. High fission-fusion dynamics may thus not hinder but shape the social complexity of ravens and, possibly, other long-term bonded birds.Matthias-Claudio LorettoRichard SchusterChristian IttyPascal MarchandFulvio GeneroThomas BugnyarNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Matthias-Claudio Loretto Richard Schuster Christian Itty Pascal Marchand Fulvio Genero Thomas Bugnyar Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders
description	Abstract The influence of fission-fusion dynamics, i.e., temporal variation in group size and composition, on social complexity has been studied in large-brained mammals that rely on social bonds. Little is known about birds, even though some species like ravens have recently received attention for their socio-cognitive skills and use of social bonds. While raven breeders defend territories year-round, non-breeders roam through large areas and form groups at food sources or night roosts. We here examined the fission-fusion patterns of non-breeding ravens over years, investigating whether birds meet repeatedly either at the same or at different locations. We combined four large datasets: presence-absence observations from two study sites (Austria, Italy) and GPS-tracking of ravens across two study areas (Austria, France). As expected, we found a highly dynamic system in which individuals with long phases of temporary settlement had a high probability of meeting others. Although GPS-tagged ravens spread out over thousands of square kilometres, we found repeated associations between almost half of the possible combinations at different locations. Such a system makes repeated interactions between individuals at different sites possible and likely. High fission-fusion dynamics may thus not hinder but shape the social complexity of ravens and, possibly, other long-term bonded birds.
format	article
author	Matthias-Claudio Loretto Richard Schuster Christian Itty Pascal Marchand Fulvio Genero Thomas Bugnyar
author_facet	Matthias-Claudio Loretto Richard Schuster Christian Itty Pascal Marchand Fulvio Genero Thomas Bugnyar
author_sort	Matthias-Claudio Loretto
title	Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders
title_short	Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders
title_full	Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders
title_fullStr	Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders
title_full_unstemmed	Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders
title_sort	fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3672dfad1ce4d3e8c6e5bf05d92e10b
work_keys_str_mv	AT matthiasclaudioloretto fissionfusiondynamicsoverlargedistancesinravennonbreeders AT richardschuster fissionfusiondynamicsoverlargedistancesinravennonbreeders AT christianitty fissionfusiondynamicsoverlargedistancesinravennonbreeders AT pascalmarchand fissionfusiondynamicsoverlargedistancesinravennonbreeders AT fulviogenero fissionfusiondynamicsoverlargedistancesinravennonbreeders AT thomasbugnyar fissionfusiondynamicsoverlargedistancesinravennonbreeders
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Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders

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