Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review

Dagnew Getnet Adugna Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Dagnew Getnet AdugnaDepartment of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University o...

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Autor principal:	Adugna DG
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	mesenchymal stem cell covid-19 clinical trial stem cell therapy acute respiratory distress syndrome Cytology QH573-671
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f370810e11a84419bdc8962b97c9d8c1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f370810e11a84419bdc8962b97c9d8c12021-12-02T19:33:47ZCurrent Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review1178-6957https://doaj.org/article/f370810e11a84419bdc8962b97c9d8c12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/current-clinical-application-of-mesenchymal-stem-cells-in-the-treatmen-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-SCCAAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-6957Dagnew Getnet Adugna Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Dagnew Getnet AdugnaDepartment of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Amhara Region, EthiopiaTel +251 932223887Email dagnewgetnet5@gmail.comAbstract: Coronavirus-2019 disease is a newly diagnosed infectious disease, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. It spreads quickly and has become a major public health problem throughout the world. When the viral structural spike protein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor of the host cell membrane, the virus enters into host cells. The virus primarily affects lung epithelial cells or other target cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors in COVID-19 patients. Chemokines released by the host cells stimulate the recruitment of different immune cells. A cytokine storm occurs when a high amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced as a result of the accumulation of immune cells. In COVID-19 patients, cytokine storms are the leading cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent and self-renewing adult stem cells, which are obtained from a variety of tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, Warthon’s jelly tissue, and amniotic fluid. Mesenchymal stem cells primarily exert their important therapeutic effects through 2 mechanisms: immunoregulatory effects and differentiation capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells can release several cytokines via paracrine mechanism or by direct interaction with white blood cells such as natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages, resulting in immune system regulation. Mesenchymal stem cells may help to restore the lung microenvironment, preserve alveolar epithelial cells, prevent lung fibrosis, and treat pulmonary dysfunction that is caused by COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy may suppress aggressive inflammatory reactions and increase endogenous restoration by improving the pulmonary microenvironment. Furthermore, clinical evidence suggests that intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells may radically reduce lung tissue damage in COVID-19 patients. With the advancement of research involving mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of COVID-19, mesenchymal stem cells therapy may be the main strategy for reducing the recent pandemic.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cell, COVID-19, clinical trial, stem cell therapy, acute respiratory distress syndromeAdugna DGDove Medical Pressarticlemesenchymal stem cellcovid-19clinical trialstem cell therapyacute respiratory distress syndromeCytologyQH573-671ENStem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications, Vol Volume 14, Pp 71-80 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mesenchymal stem cell covid-19 clinical trial stem cell therapy acute respiratory distress syndrome Cytology QH573-671
spellingShingle	mesenchymal stem cell covid-19 clinical trial stem cell therapy acute respiratory distress syndrome Cytology QH573-671 Adugna DG Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review
description	Dagnew Getnet Adugna Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Dagnew Getnet AdugnaDepartment of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Amhara Region, EthiopiaTel +251 932223887Email dagnewgetnet5@gmail.comAbstract: Coronavirus-2019 disease is a newly diagnosed infectious disease, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. It spreads quickly and has become a major public health problem throughout the world. When the viral structural spike protein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor of the host cell membrane, the virus enters into host cells. The virus primarily affects lung epithelial cells or other target cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors in COVID-19 patients. Chemokines released by the host cells stimulate the recruitment of different immune cells. A cytokine storm occurs when a high amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced as a result of the accumulation of immune cells. In COVID-19 patients, cytokine storms are the leading cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent and self-renewing adult stem cells, which are obtained from a variety of tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, Warthon’s jelly tissue, and amniotic fluid. Mesenchymal stem cells primarily exert their important therapeutic effects through 2 mechanisms: immunoregulatory effects and differentiation capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells can release several cytokines via paracrine mechanism or by direct interaction with white blood cells such as natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages, resulting in immune system regulation. Mesenchymal stem cells may help to restore the lung microenvironment, preserve alveolar epithelial cells, prevent lung fibrosis, and treat pulmonary dysfunction that is caused by COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy may suppress aggressive inflammatory reactions and increase endogenous restoration by improving the pulmonary microenvironment. Furthermore, clinical evidence suggests that intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells may radically reduce lung tissue damage in COVID-19 patients. With the advancement of research involving mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of COVID-19, mesenchymal stem cells therapy may be the main strategy for reducing the recent pandemic.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cell, COVID-19, clinical trial, stem cell therapy, acute respiratory distress syndrome
format	article
author	Adugna DG
author_facet	Adugna DG
author_sort	Adugna DG
title	Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review
title_short	Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review
title_full	Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review
title_fullStr	Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review
title_full_unstemmed	Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review
title_sort	current clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severe covid-19 patients: review
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f370810e11a84419bdc8962b97c9d8c1
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Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review

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