Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR

Across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) places a huge disease burden on agriculture, affecting, in particular, small ruminant production. The recent PPR outbreaks in Northern Africa, the European part of Turkey, and Bulgaria represent a significant threat to...

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Autores principales:	Muneeswaran Selvaraj, Mana Mahapatra, Satya Parida
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) Sungri/96 DIVA vaccine Nigeria/75/1 DIVA vaccine recombinant vaccine PPR DIVA vaccine safety and potency Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f383cec506fa48e0b81d35d1fe59cec8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f383cec506fa48e0b81d35d1fe59cec82021-11-25T19:14:32ZExchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR10.3390/v131123201999-4915https://doaj.org/article/f383cec506fa48e0b81d35d1fe59cec82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2320https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) places a huge disease burden on agriculture, affecting, in particular, small ruminant production. The recent PPR outbreaks in Northern Africa, the European part of Turkey, and Bulgaria represent a significant threat to mainland Europe, as a source of disease. Although two safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccines (Sungri/96 and Nigeria/75/1) are available for the control of PPR, current serological tests do not enable the differentiation between naturally infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). The vaccinated animals develop a full range of immune responses to viral proteins and, therefore, cannot be distinguished serologically from those that have recovered from a natural infection. This poses a serious problem for the post-vaccinal sero-surveillance during the ongoing PPR eradication program. Furthermore, during the latter stages of any eradication program, vaccination is only possible if the vaccine used is fully DIVA compliant. Using reverse genetics, we have developed two live attenuated PPR DIVA vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA and Nigeria/75/1 DIVA), in which the C-terminal variable region of the PPRV N-protein has been replaced with dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). As a proof of principle, both the DIVA vaccines were evaluated in goats in pilot studies for safety and efficacy, and all the animals were clinically protected against the intranasal virulent virus challenge, similar to the parent vaccines. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate between infected animals and vaccinated animals using two newly developed ELISAs. Therefore, these DIVA vaccines and associated tests can facilitate the sero-monitoring process and speed up the implementation of global PPR eradication through vaccination.Muneeswaran SelvarajMana MahapatraSatya ParidaMDPI AGarticlepeste des petits ruminants (PPR) virusdifferentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA)Sungri/96 DIVA vaccineNigeria/75/1 DIVA vaccinerecombinant vaccinePPR DIVA vaccine safety and potencyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2320, p 2320 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) Sungri/96 DIVA vaccine Nigeria/75/1 DIVA vaccine recombinant vaccine PPR DIVA vaccine safety and potency Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) Sungri/96 DIVA vaccine Nigeria/75/1 DIVA vaccine recombinant vaccine PPR DIVA vaccine safety and potency Microbiology QR1-502 Muneeswaran Selvaraj Mana Mahapatra Satya Parida Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR
description	Across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) places a huge disease burden on agriculture, affecting, in particular, small ruminant production. The recent PPR outbreaks in Northern Africa, the European part of Turkey, and Bulgaria represent a significant threat to mainland Europe, as a source of disease. Although two safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccines (Sungri/96 and Nigeria/75/1) are available for the control of PPR, current serological tests do not enable the differentiation between naturally infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). The vaccinated animals develop a full range of immune responses to viral proteins and, therefore, cannot be distinguished serologically from those that have recovered from a natural infection. This poses a serious problem for the post-vaccinal sero-surveillance during the ongoing PPR eradication program. Furthermore, during the latter stages of any eradication program, vaccination is only possible if the vaccine used is fully DIVA compliant. Using reverse genetics, we have developed two live attenuated PPR DIVA vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA and Nigeria/75/1 DIVA), in which the C-terminal variable region of the PPRV N-protein has been replaced with dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). As a proof of principle, both the DIVA vaccines were evaluated in goats in pilot studies for safety and efficacy, and all the animals were clinically protected against the intranasal virulent virus challenge, similar to the parent vaccines. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate between infected animals and vaccinated animals using two newly developed ELISAs. Therefore, these DIVA vaccines and associated tests can facilitate the sero-monitoring process and speed up the implementation of global PPR eradication through vaccination.
format	article
author	Muneeswaran Selvaraj Mana Mahapatra Satya Parida
author_facet	Muneeswaran Selvaraj Mana Mahapatra Satya Parida
author_sort	Muneeswaran Selvaraj
title	Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR
title_short	Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR
title_full	Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR
title_fullStr	Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR
title_full_unstemmed	Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR
title_sort	exchange of c-terminal variable sequences within morbillivirus nucleocapsid protein are tolerated: development and evaluation of two marker (diva) vaccines (sungri/96 diva, nigeria/75/1 diva) against ppr
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f383cec506fa48e0b81d35d1fe59cec8
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_version_	1718410130790285312

Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR

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