A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies

Abstract In this study, we investigated a new application of bubble-eye goldfish (commercially available strain with large bubble-shaped eye sacs) for immunological studies in fishes utilizing the technical advantage of examining immune cells in the eye sac fluid ex vivo without sacrificing animals....

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Autores principales:	Hiroto Nakajima, Atsushi Miyashita, Hiroshi Hamamoto, Kazuhisa Sekimizu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3961117ec5647ff922f5fdc7e072c04
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3961117ec5647ff922f5fdc7e072c042021-12-02T15:49:28ZA novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies10.1038/s41598-021-89882-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f3961117ec5647ff922f5fdc7e072c042021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89882-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In this study, we investigated a new application of bubble-eye goldfish (commercially available strain with large bubble-shaped eye sacs) for immunological studies in fishes utilizing the technical advantage of examining immune cells in the eye sac fluid ex vivo without sacrificing animals. As known in many aquatic species, the common goldfish strain showed an increased infection sensitivity at elevated temperature, which we demonstrate may be due to an immune impairment using the bubble-eye goldfish model. Injection of heat-killed bacterial cells into the eye sac resulted in an inflammatory symptom (surface reddening) and increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in vivo, and elevated rearing temperature suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory gene expressions. We further conducted ex vivo experiments using the immune cells harvested from the eye sac and found that the induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was suppressed when we increased the temperature of ex vivo culture, suggesting that the temperature response of the eye-sac immune cells is a cell autonomous function. These results indicate that the bubble-eye goldfish is a suitable model for ex vivo investigation of fish immune cells and that the temperature-induced infection susceptibility in the goldfish may be due to functional impairments of immune cells.Hiroto NakajimaAtsushi MiyashitaHiroshi HamamotoKazuhisa SekimizuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hiroto Nakajima Atsushi Miyashita Hiroshi Hamamoto Kazuhisa Sekimizu A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies
description	Abstract In this study, we investigated a new application of bubble-eye goldfish (commercially available strain with large bubble-shaped eye sacs) for immunological studies in fishes utilizing the technical advantage of examining immune cells in the eye sac fluid ex vivo without sacrificing animals. As known in many aquatic species, the common goldfish strain showed an increased infection sensitivity at elevated temperature, which we demonstrate may be due to an immune impairment using the bubble-eye goldfish model. Injection of heat-killed bacterial cells into the eye sac resulted in an inflammatory symptom (surface reddening) and increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in vivo, and elevated rearing temperature suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory gene expressions. We further conducted ex vivo experiments using the immune cells harvested from the eye sac and found that the induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was suppressed when we increased the temperature of ex vivo culture, suggesting that the temperature response of the eye-sac immune cells is a cell autonomous function. These results indicate that the bubble-eye goldfish is a suitable model for ex vivo investigation of fish immune cells and that the temperature-induced infection susceptibility in the goldfish may be due to functional impairments of immune cells.
format	article
author	Hiroto Nakajima Atsushi Miyashita Hiroshi Hamamoto Kazuhisa Sekimizu
author_facet	Hiroto Nakajima Atsushi Miyashita Hiroshi Hamamoto Kazuhisa Sekimizu
author_sort	Hiroto Nakajima
title	A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies
title_short	A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies
title_full	A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies
title_fullStr	A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies
title_full_unstemmed	A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies
title_sort	novel application of bubble-eye strain of carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3961117ec5647ff922f5fdc7e072c04
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A novel application of bubble-eye strain of Carassius auratus for ex vivo fish immunological studies

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