Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks

Identifying and controlling the drivers of change in the quality of water within distribution systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the individual and interactive effects of relevant factors. This article examines the impact of water temperature, pipe characteristics, and hydraulic condi...

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Autores principales:	Hadi Mohammed, Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi, Razak Seidu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	hydraulic conditions pipe characteristics temperature total bacteria water distribution network water quality Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3a3562d8fc3477c9b35d1122ec1ccf2
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:f3a3562d8fc3477c9b35d1122ec1ccf2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3a3562d8fc3477c9b35d1122ec1ccf22021-11-05T21:09:29ZModelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks1751-231X10.2166/wpt.2021.002https://doaj.org/article/f3a3562d8fc3477c9b35d1122ec1ccf22021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/16/2/387https://doaj.org/toc/1751-231XIdentifying and controlling the drivers of change in the quality of water within distribution systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the individual and interactive effects of relevant factors. This article examines the impact of water temperature, pipe characteristics, and hydraulic conditions on the microbiological, physical, and chemical parameters of water quality in the distribution network using Bayesian Dirichlet process mixture of linear models and random forest method. The study was based on a database of the distribution network for the city of Ålesund in Norway and records of water quality data measured at seven different locations in the network from 2013 to 2019. In both modelling approaches applied, temperature was identified as the main factor that controls the microbiological stability of water in the network. From the minimum to the maximum values of temperature in the pipes (3.35 °C–11.14 °C respectively), the probabilities of occurrence of bacteria in water increased from 0.36 to 0.95. Temperature was also shown to be an important factor that affects the chemical parameters of water quality (pH, alkalinity and electrical conductivity). Among the input parameters included in this study, concentration of residual chlorine was shown to have the strongest growth-inhibiting effect on Total Bacteria in the pipes. The results further showed that changes in the hydraulic conditions in the pipes (residence time and flow) were among the most important determinants of the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of water in the distribution network. The random forest models assigned minimal importance to the pipe characteristics and conditions on changes in the water quality parameters. However, the Bayesian models revealed that these parameters have significant impact on the quality of water in the pipes. Highlights Drivers of change in the quality of water in distribution pipes were evaluated.; Stability of water in pipes is mainly controlled by temperature and water age.; Residual chlorine has the strongest growth-inhibiting impact on bacteria in pipes.; There is a higher chance of bacteria occurrence in metal than in plastic pipes.; Age of pipes mainly affects turbidity, electrical conductivity and Total Bacteria in water.;Hadi MohammedHoese Michel TornyeviadziRazak SeiduIWA Publishingarticlehydraulic conditionspipe characteristicstemperaturetotal bacteriawater distribution networkwater qualityEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Practice and Technology, Vol 16, Iss 2, Pp 387-403 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydraulic conditions pipe characteristics temperature total bacteria water distribution network water quality Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	hydraulic conditions pipe characteristics temperature total bacteria water distribution network water quality Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Hadi Mohammed Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi Razak Seidu Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks
description	Identifying and controlling the drivers of change in the quality of water within distribution systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the individual and interactive effects of relevant factors. This article examines the impact of water temperature, pipe characteristics, and hydraulic conditions on the microbiological, physical, and chemical parameters of water quality in the distribution network using Bayesian Dirichlet process mixture of linear models and random forest method. The study was based on a database of the distribution network for the city of Ålesund in Norway and records of water quality data measured at seven different locations in the network from 2013 to 2019. In both modelling approaches applied, temperature was identified as the main factor that controls the microbiological stability of water in the network. From the minimum to the maximum values of temperature in the pipes (3.35 °C–11.14 °C respectively), the probabilities of occurrence of bacteria in water increased from 0.36 to 0.95. Temperature was also shown to be an important factor that affects the chemical parameters of water quality (pH, alkalinity and electrical conductivity). Among the input parameters included in this study, concentration of residual chlorine was shown to have the strongest growth-inhibiting effect on Total Bacteria in the pipes. The results further showed that changes in the hydraulic conditions in the pipes (residence time and flow) were among the most important determinants of the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of water in the distribution network. The random forest models assigned minimal importance to the pipe characteristics and conditions on changes in the water quality parameters. However, the Bayesian models revealed that these parameters have significant impact on the quality of water in the pipes. Highlights Drivers of change in the quality of water in distribution pipes were evaluated.; Stability of water in pipes is mainly controlled by temperature and water age.; Residual chlorine has the strongest growth-inhibiting impact on bacteria in pipes.; There is a higher chance of bacteria occurrence in metal than in plastic pipes.; Age of pipes mainly affects turbidity, electrical conductivity and Total Bacteria in water.;
format	article
author	Hadi Mohammed Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi Razak Seidu
author_facet	Hadi Mohammed Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi Razak Seidu
author_sort	Hadi Mohammed
title	Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks
title_short	Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks
title_full	Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks
title_fullStr	Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks
title_full_unstemmed	Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks
title_sort	modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3a3562d8fc3477c9b35d1122ec1ccf2
work_keys_str_mv	AT hadimohammed modellingtheimpactofwatertemperaturepipeandhydraulicconditionsonwaterqualityinwaterdistributionnetworks AT hoesemicheltornyeviadzi modellingtheimpactofwatertemperaturepipeandhydraulicconditionsonwaterqualityinwaterdistributionnetworks AT razakseidu modellingtheimpactofwatertemperaturepipeandhydraulicconditionsonwaterqualityinwaterdistributionnetworks
_version_	1718444076758466560

Modelling the impact of water temperature, pipe, and hydraulic conditions on water quality in water distribution networks

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