Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action

Daniel B Goldberg1,2 1Ophthalmology Department, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 2Eye Physicians, Little Silver, NJ, USA Abstract: This report presents a computer-animated model of the structures of accommodation based on new understanding of the anatomy of the zonular apparatus integra...

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Autor principal:	Goldberg DB
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2011
Materias:	Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3c4682f96924196aca95e25aba7d5c6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3c4682f96924196aca95e25aba7d5c62021-12-02T01:36:01ZComputer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action1177-54671177-5483https://doaj.org/article/f3c4682f96924196aca95e25aba7d5c62011-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/computer-animated-model-of-accommodation-and-theory-of-reciprocal-zonu-a8558https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5467https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Daniel B Goldberg1,2 1Ophthalmology Department, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 2Eye Physicians, Little Silver, NJ, USA Abstract: This report presents a computer-animated model of the structures of accommodation based on new understanding of the anatomy of the zonular apparatus integrated with current understanding of the mechanism of accommodation. Analysis of this model suggests a new, consolidated theory of the mechanism of accommodation including a new theory of reciprocal zonular action. A three-dimensional animated model of the eye in accommodation and disaccommodation was produced in collaboration with an experienced medical animator. Current understanding of the anatomy of the zonule and the attachments of the vitreous zonule to the anterior hyaloid membrane is incomplete. Recent studies have demonstrated three components of the vitreous zonule: (1) anterior vitreous zonule (previously &ldquo;hyalocapsular&rdquo; zonule), which attaches the ciliary plexus in the valleys of the ciliary processes to the anterior hyaloid membrane in the region medial to the ciliary body and Weiger&rsquo;s ligament; (2) intermediate vitreous zonule, which attaches the ciliary plexus to the anterior hyaloid peripherally; and (3) posterior vitreous zonule, which creates a sponge-like ring at the attachment zone that anchors the pars plana zonules. The pars plana zonules attach posteriorly to the elastic choroid above the ora serrata. Analysis of the computer-animated model demonstrates the synchronized movements of the accommodative structures in accommodation and disaccommodation. Utilizing model-based reasoning, it is shown that the posterior zonules attach to and provide traction to the anterior vitreous membrane and Weiger&rsquo;s ligament. This model supports the concept that the ciliary body/zonule/anterior hyaloid complex contributes to the changes in the posterior lens capsule during accommodation, supporting an extralenticular component to accommodation and demonstrating an alternative to the &ldquo;vitreous support&rdquo; theories. There is a reciprocal action of the anterior zonules and the posterior zonules. During ciliary body contraction, the anterior zonules lose tension while the posterior zonules stretch and exert force on the posterior lens capsule playing a role in shaping the posterior lens thickness and curvature. During ciliary body relaxation, the posterior zonules lose tension as the lens flattens and is pulled back by the increasing tension of the anterior zonules. Keywords: zonule, posterior zonule, vitreous zonule, accommodation, mechanism of accommodation, theory of accommodation, model of accommodation, animated model of accommodationGoldberg DBDove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2011, Iss default, Pp 1559-1566 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Ophthalmology RE1-994 Goldberg DB Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action
description	Daniel B Goldberg1,2 1Ophthalmology Department, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 2Eye Physicians, Little Silver, NJ, USA Abstract: This report presents a computer-animated model of the structures of accommodation based on new understanding of the anatomy of the zonular apparatus integrated with current understanding of the mechanism of accommodation. Analysis of this model suggests a new, consolidated theory of the mechanism of accommodation including a new theory of reciprocal zonular action. A three-dimensional animated model of the eye in accommodation and disaccommodation was produced in collaboration with an experienced medical animator. Current understanding of the anatomy of the zonule and the attachments of the vitreous zonule to the anterior hyaloid membrane is incomplete. Recent studies have demonstrated three components of the vitreous zonule: (1) anterior vitreous zonule (previously &ldquo;hyalocapsular&rdquo; zonule), which attaches the ciliary plexus in the valleys of the ciliary processes to the anterior hyaloid membrane in the region medial to the ciliary body and Weiger&rsquo;s ligament; (2) intermediate vitreous zonule, which attaches the ciliary plexus to the anterior hyaloid peripherally; and (3) posterior vitreous zonule, which creates a sponge-like ring at the attachment zone that anchors the pars plana zonules. The pars plana zonules attach posteriorly to the elastic choroid above the ora serrata. Analysis of the computer-animated model demonstrates the synchronized movements of the accommodative structures in accommodation and disaccommodation. Utilizing model-based reasoning, it is shown that the posterior zonules attach to and provide traction to the anterior vitreous membrane and Weiger&rsquo;s ligament. This model supports the concept that the ciliary body/zonule/anterior hyaloid complex contributes to the changes in the posterior lens capsule during accommodation, supporting an extralenticular component to accommodation and demonstrating an alternative to the &ldquo;vitreous support&rdquo; theories. There is a reciprocal action of the anterior zonules and the posterior zonules. During ciliary body contraction, the anterior zonules lose tension while the posterior zonules stretch and exert force on the posterior lens capsule playing a role in shaping the posterior lens thickness and curvature. During ciliary body relaxation, the posterior zonules lose tension as the lens flattens and is pulled back by the increasing tension of the anterior zonules. Keywords: zonule, posterior zonule, vitreous zonule, accommodation, mechanism of accommodation, theory of accommodation, model of accommodation, animated model of accommodation
format	article
author	Goldberg DB
author_facet	Goldberg DB
author_sort	Goldberg DB
title	Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action
title_short	Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action
title_full	Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action
title_fullStr	Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action
title_full_unstemmed	Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action
title_sort	computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3c4682f96924196aca95e25aba7d5c6
work_keys_str_mv	AT goldbergdb computeranimatedmodelofaccommodationandtheoryofreciprocalzonularaction
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Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action

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