The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture

Body sculpture is a common method to remove excessive fat. The diet and exercise are the first suggestion to keep body shape; however, those are difficult to keep adherence. Ultrasound has been developed for fat ablation; however, it could only serve as the side treatment along with liposuction. In...

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Autores principales:	Che-Yung Kuan, Yu-Ying Lin, I-Hsuan Yang, Ching-Yun Chen, Chih-Ying Chi, Chi-Han Li, Zhi-Yu Chen, Li-Ze Lin, Chun-Chen Yang, Feng-Huei Lin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	calcium carbonate europium reactive oxygen species body sculpture ultrasound Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3ed5c7bb3af45bd95fefe9ac29b2e07
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3ed5c7bb3af45bd95fefe9ac29b2e072021-11-19T04:26:15ZThe Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture2296-418510.3389/fbioe.2021.765630https://doaj.org/article/f3ed5c7bb3af45bd95fefe9ac29b2e072021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.765630/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-4185Body sculpture is a common method to remove excessive fat. The diet and exercise are the first suggestion to keep body shape; however, those are difficult to keep adherence. Ultrasound has been developed for fat ablation; however, it could only serve as the side treatment along with liposuction. In the study, a sonosensitizer of europium-doped calcium carbonate (CaCO3: Eu) would be synthesized by an eco-method and combined with low-intensity ultrasound for lipolysis. The crystal structure of CaCO3: Eu was identified by x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The morphology of CaCO3: Eu was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of CaCO3: Eu was evaluated by energy-dispersed spectrophotometer (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The electronic diffraction pattern was to further check crystal structure of the synthesized individual grain by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particle size was determined by Zeta-sizer. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) were used to evaluate the cell viability. Chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) and live/dead stain were used to evaluate feasibility in vitro. SD-rat was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy in vivo. The results showed that CaCO3: Eu had good biocompatibility and could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after treated with low-intensity ultrasound. After 4-weeks, the CaCO3: Eu exposed to ultrasound irradiation on SD rats could significantly decrease body weight, waistline, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. We believe that ROS from sonoluminescence, CO2-bomb and locally increasing Ca2+ level would be three major mechanisms to remove away adipo-tissue and inhibit adipogenesis. We could say that the combination of the CaCO3: Eu and low-intensity ultrasound would be a non-invasive treatment for the body sculpture.Che-Yung KuanChe-Yung KuanYu-Ying LinYu-Ying LinI-Hsuan YangI-Hsuan YangChing-Yun ChenChih-Ying ChiChih-Ying ChiChih-Ying ChiChi-Han LiChi-Han LiZhi-Yu ChenZhi-Yu ChenLi-Ze LinChun-Chen YangFeng-Huei LinFeng-Huei LinFrontiers Media S.A.articlecalcium carbonateeuropiumreactive oxygen speciesbody sculptureultrasoundBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65ENFrontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	calcium carbonate europium reactive oxygen species body sculpture ultrasound Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
spellingShingle	calcium carbonate europium reactive oxygen species body sculpture ultrasound Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Che-Yung Kuan Che-Yung Kuan Yu-Ying Lin Yu-Ying Lin I-Hsuan Yang I-Hsuan Yang Ching-Yun Chen Chih-Ying Chi Chih-Ying Chi Chih-Ying Chi Chi-Han Li Chi-Han Li Zhi-Yu Chen Zhi-Yu Chen Li-Ze Lin Chun-Chen Yang Feng-Huei Lin Feng-Huei Lin The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture
description	Body sculpture is a common method to remove excessive fat. The diet and exercise are the first suggestion to keep body shape; however, those are difficult to keep adherence. Ultrasound has been developed for fat ablation; however, it could only serve as the side treatment along with liposuction. In the study, a sonosensitizer of europium-doped calcium carbonate (CaCO3: Eu) would be synthesized by an eco-method and combined with low-intensity ultrasound for lipolysis. The crystal structure of CaCO3: Eu was identified by x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The morphology of CaCO3: Eu was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of CaCO3: Eu was evaluated by energy-dispersed spectrophotometer (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The electronic diffraction pattern was to further check crystal structure of the synthesized individual grain by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particle size was determined by Zeta-sizer. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) were used to evaluate the cell viability. Chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) and live/dead stain were used to evaluate feasibility in vitro. SD-rat was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy in vivo. The results showed that CaCO3: Eu had good biocompatibility and could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after treated with low-intensity ultrasound. After 4-weeks, the CaCO3: Eu exposed to ultrasound irradiation on SD rats could significantly decrease body weight, waistline, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. We believe that ROS from sonoluminescence, CO2-bomb and locally increasing Ca2+ level would be three major mechanisms to remove away adipo-tissue and inhibit adipogenesis. We could say that the combination of the CaCO3: Eu and low-intensity ultrasound would be a non-invasive treatment for the body sculpture.
format	article
author	Che-Yung Kuan Che-Yung Kuan Yu-Ying Lin Yu-Ying Lin I-Hsuan Yang I-Hsuan Yang Ching-Yun Chen Chih-Ying Chi Chih-Ying Chi Chih-Ying Chi Chi-Han Li Chi-Han Li Zhi-Yu Chen Zhi-Yu Chen Li-Ze Lin Chun-Chen Yang Feng-Huei Lin Feng-Huei Lin
author_facet	Che-Yung Kuan Che-Yung Kuan Yu-Ying Lin Yu-Ying Lin I-Hsuan Yang I-Hsuan Yang Ching-Yun Chen Chih-Ying Chi Chih-Ying Chi Chih-Ying Chi Chi-Han Li Chi-Han Li Zhi-Yu Chen Zhi-Yu Chen Li-Ze Lin Chun-Chen Yang Feng-Huei Lin Feng-Huei Lin
author_sort	Che-Yung Kuan
title	The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture
title_short	The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture
title_full	The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture
title_fullStr	The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture
title_full_unstemmed	The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture
title_sort	synthesis of europium-doped calcium carbonate by an eco-method as free radical generator under low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation for body sculpture
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3ed5c7bb3af45bd95fefe9ac29b2e07
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The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture

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